A specific richness of the parasitic Hymenoptera in apple-orchards of south-eastern Europe

Zerova, M. D.; Tolkanitz, V. I.; Kotenko, A. G.; Fursov, V. N.; Andriescu, I.

The species richness of parasitic Hymenoptera associated with the principal insect pests of apple was investigated in various orchards in Romania, Moldova and Ukraine. The hymenopterous parasitoid complex was found to include over 600 species belonging to 16 families. In general, species richness was markedly higher in untreated orchards. The taxonomic composition of the complex is described.