Taking into consideration present and future interest in genetic diseases, this work review the results obtained in the last 25 years in genetic prophylaxis of cattle in Romania. Started in 1965 at the Laboratory of Genetics of Research Institute for Animal Breeding, this research was developed from 1970 at 3 important Romanian institutes: Research Institute for Bovine Breeding-Balotesti, Agronomic Institute-Cluj-Napoca and Pasteur Institute-Bucarest.