EurekaMag Full Text Articles Chapter 8,481

Tung, H.Y.; De Rocquigny, H.; Zhao, L.J.; Cayla, X.; Roques, B.P.; Ozon, R. 1997: Direct activation of protein phosphatase-2A0 by HIV-1 encoded protein complex NCp7:vpr. FEBS Letters 401(2-3): 197-201

Gill, J.S.; Windebank, A.J. 1998: Direct activation of the high-affinity nerve growth factor receptor by a non-peptide symmetrical polyanion. Neuroscience 87(4): 855-860

Van Horn, D.J.; Myers, M.G.; Backer, J.M. 1994: Direct activation of the phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase by the insulin receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269(1): 29-32

Suntsova, N.V.; Burikov, A.A. 1996: Direct activatory influence of preoptic somnogenic area on thalamic synchronizing system. Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti Imeni I P Pavlova 46(2): 328-334

Miehlke, S.; Reddy, R.; Osato, M.S.; Ward, P.P.; Conneely, O.M.; Graham, D.Y. 1996: Direct activity of recombinant human lactoferrin against Helicobacter pylori. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 34(10): 2593-2594

Ghivizzani, S.C.; Lechman, E.R.; Kang, R.; Tio, C.; Kolls, J.; Evans, C.H.; Robbins, P.D. 1998: Direct adenovirus-mediated gene transfer of interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor alpha soluble receptors to rabbit knees with experimental arthritis has local and distal anti-arthritic effects. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95(8): 4613-4618

Tarantal, A.F.; Hunter, M.K.; Gargosky, S.E. 1997: Direct administration of insulin-like growth factor to fetal rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). Endocrinology 138(8): 3349-3358

Pshezhetsky, A.V.; Potier, M. 1994: Direct affinity purification and supramolecular organization of human lysosomal cathepsin a. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 313(1): 64-70

Lemieux, R.; Verrette, S.; Broly, H.; Perron, S. 1993: Direct agglutination of weak D red cells by tetramolecular complexes containing monoclonal IgG anti-D. Vox Sanguinis 65(2): 141-145

Winzeler, E.A.; Richards, D.R.; Conway, A.R.; Goldstein, A.L.; Kalman, S.; Mccullough, M.J.; Mccusker, J.H.; Stevens, D.A.; Wodicka, L.; Lockhart, D.J.; Davis, R.W. 1998: Direct allelic variation scanning of the yeast genome. Science 281(5380): 1194-1197

Moriarty, R., M.; Berglund, B., A.; Penmasta, R. 1992: Direct alpha-hydroxylation of ketones under acidic conditions using (bis(trifluoroacetoxy))iodobenzene. Tetrahedron Letters 33(41): 6065-6068

Holterman, L.; Mullins, J.I.; Haaijman, J.J.; Heeney, J.L. 1996: Direct amplification and cloning of up to 5-kb lentivirus genomes from serum. Biotechniques 21(2): 312-319

Sugiura, K.; Shinozuka, T.; Takei, S.; Takada, T.; Yahagi, N.; Tomita, A.; Murai, T.; Yanagida, J. 1997: Direct amplification method on blood with Ampdirect by PCR and HLA class II genotyping. Research and Practice in Forensic Medicine 40: 13-17

Bond, C.E.; Hodes, M.E. 1996: Direct amplification of the CAG repeat of huntingtin without amplification of CCG. Clinical Chemistry 42(5): 773-774

Chen, X.; Wu, R. 1997: Direct amplification of unknown genes and fragments by Uneven polymerase chain reaction. Gene 185(2): 195-199

Petit, J.M.; Huet, O.; Gallet, P.F.; Maftah, A.; Ratinaud, M.H.; Julien, R. 1994: Direct analysis and significance of cardiolipin transverse distribution in mitochondrial inner membranes. European Journal of Biochemistry 220(3): 871-879

Yoshida, M.; Akane, A.; Otsuki, E.; Yoshimura, S.; Okii, Y.; Tokiyasu, T.; Watabiki, T. 1996: Direct analysis of diazepam in biological materials by column-switching technique. Research and Practice in Forensic Medicine 39: 101-106

Zimmerman, P.A.; Hercules, D.M.; Naylor, E.W. 1997: Direct analysis of filter paper blood specimens for identification of Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome using time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry. American Journal of Medical Genetics 68(3): 300-304

Fontanille, P.; Jourdil, N.; Villier, C.; Bessard, G. 1997: Direct analysis of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine in plasma by gas chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications 692(2): 337-343

Bao, Y.; Silva, T.M.; Guerrant, R.L.; Lima, A.M.; Fox, J.W. 1996: Direct analysis of mannitol, lactulose and glucose in urine samples by high-performance anion-exchange chromatography with pulse amperometric detection. Clinical evaluation of intestinal permeability in human immunodeficiency virus infection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications 685(1): 105-112

Katagi, M.; Nishikawa, M.; Tatsuno, M.; Miyazawa, T.; Tsuchihashi, H.; Suzuki, A.; Shirota, O. 1998: Direct analysis of methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomers in human urine by semi-microcolumn HPLC/electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Japanese Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health 44(2): 107-115

Thiel, G.; Danzer, K. 1997: Direct analysis of mineral components in wine by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Fresenius' Journal of Analytical Chemistry 357(5): 553-557

Peters, D.G.; Caddick, M.X. 1994: Direct analysis of native and chimeric GATA specific DNA binding proteins from Aspergillus nidulans. Nucleic Acids Research 22(24): 5164-5172

Maroney, P.A.; Yu, Y.T.; Jankowska, M.; Nilsen, T.W. 1996: Direct analysis of nematode cis- and trans-spliceosomes: a functional role for U5 snRNA in spliced leader addition trans-splicing and the identification of novel Sm snRNPs. Rna 2(8): 735-745

Dale, M.J.; Downs, O.H.; Costello, K.F.; Wright, S.J.; Langridge-Smith, P.R.; Cape, J.N. 1995: Direct analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cloud-water aerosol filtrates using laser desorption mass spectrometry. Environmental Pollution 89(2): 123-129

Yates, J.R.; McCormack, A.L.; Schieltz, D.; Carmack, E.; Link, A. 1997: Direct analysis of protein mixtures by tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Protein Chemistry 16(5): 495-497

Liu, J.H.; Smith, P.C. 1996: Direct analysis of salicylic acid, salicyl acyl glucuronide, salicyluric acid and gentisic acid in human plasma and urine by high-performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications 675(1): 61-70

Winzor, D.J.; Jacobsen, M.P.; Wills, P.R. 1998: Direct analysis of sedimentation equilibrium distributions reflecting complex formation between dissimilar reactants. Biochemistry 37(8): 2226-2233

Wills, P.R.; Jacobsen, M.P.; Winzor, D.J. 1996: Direct analysis of solute self-association by sedimentation equilibrium. Biopolymers 38(1): 119-130

Zhu, G.; Decker, S.J.; Mayer, B.J.; Saltiel, A.R. 1993: Direct analysis of the binding of the abl Src homology 2 domain to the activated epidermal growth factor receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(3): 1775-1779

Fieger, H.; Wainer, I.W. 1993: Direct analysis of the enantiomers of mexiletine and its metabolites in plasma and urine using an HPLC-CSP. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 11(11-12): 1173-1179

Park, J.W.; Jung, Y.H.; Park, B.H.; Jeoung, Y.H.; Lee, Y. 1996: Direct analysis of the transcription of Escherichia coli rnpB gene harbored in a multicopy plasmid during bacterial growth. Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 29(3): 221-224

Fokin, A.; Robicsek, F. 1998: Direct anastomosis of the saphenous vein to the unclamped aorta. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 39(3): 311-312

Berlis, A.; Putz, R.; Schumacher, M. 1992: Direct and CT measurements of canals and foramina of the skull base. British Journal of Radiology 65(776): 653-661

Zhao, L.; Helms, J.B.; Brügger, B.; Harter, C.; Martoglio, B.; Graf, R.; Brunner, J.; Wieland, F.T. 1997: Direct and GTP-dependent interaction of ADP ribosylation factor 1 with coatomer subunit beta. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(9): 4418-4423

Singer, L.; Arendt, R.; Song, L.Y.; Warshawsky, E.; Kliegman, R. 1994: Direct and indirect interactions of cocaine with childbirth outcomes. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 148(9): 959-964

Nakamura, A. 1996: Direct and adaptive protection by prostaglandins of gastric mucosal cells from damage in vitro. Journal of the Osaka City Medical Center 45(1-2): 43-57

Juillerat-Jeanneret, L.; Dessous L'Eglise Mange, P.; Eskenasy-Cottier, A.C.; Janzer, R.C. 1995: Direct and astrocyte-mediated effects of ethanol on brain-derived endothelial cells. Life Sciences 56(18): 1499-1509

Skoda-Földes, R.; Kollár, L.; Marinelli, F.; Arcadi, A. 1994: Direct and carbonylative vinylation of steroidal triflates in the presence of homogeneous palladium catalysts. Steroids 59(12): 691-695

Karlsson, R.; Jendeberg, L.; Nilsson, B.; Nilsson, J.; Nygren, P.A. 1995: Direct and competitive kinetic analysis of the interaction between human IgG1 and a one domain analogue of protein A. Journal of Immunological Methods 183(1): 43-49

Silva, M.J.; Wang, C.; Keaveny, T.M.; Hayes, W.C. 1994: Direct and computed tomography thickness measurements of the human, lumbar vertebral shell and endplate. Bone 15(4): 409-414

Kroll, C.; Maeder, K.; Stoesser, R.; Borchert, H.H. 1995: Direct and continuous determination of pH values in nontransparent w/o systems by means of EPR spectroscopy. European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 3(1): 21-26

Trevin, S.; Kataoka, Y.; Kawachi, R.; Shuto, H.; Kumakura, K.; Oishi, R. 1998: Direct and continuous electrochemical measurement of noradrenaline-induced nitric oxide production in C6 glioma cells. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology 18(4): 453-458

Kean, R.P.; Cahaner, A.; Freeman, A.E.; Lamont, S.J. 1994: Direct and correlated responses to multitrait, divergent selection for immunocompetence. Poultry Science 73(1): 18-32

Hoffmann, A., A.; Parsons, P.A. 1993: Direct and correlated responses to selection for desiccation resistance: A comparison of Drosophila melanogaster and D. simulans. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 6(5): 643-657

Moser, H.S.; Frey, K.J. 1994: Direct and correlated responses to three S-1-recurrent selection strategies for increasing protein yield in oat. Euphytica 78(1-2): 123-132

Käär, P.; Jokela, J.; Helle, T.; Kojola, I. 1996: Direct and correlative phenotypic selection on life-history traits in three pre-industrial human populations. Proceedings. Biological Sciences 263(1376): 1475-1480

Leszczynski, D.; Zhao, Y.; Yeagley, T.J.; Foegh, M.L. 1993: Direct and endothelial cell-mediated effect of cyclosporin a on the proliferation of rat smooth muscle cells in vitro. American Journal of Pathology 142(1): 149-155

Sugden, K.D.; Wetterhahn, K.E. 1997: Direct and hydrogen peroxide-induced chromium(V) oxidation of deoxyribose in single-stranded and double-stranded calf thymus DNA. Chemical Research in Toxicology 10(12): 1397-1406

Wild, J.M. 1992: Direct and indirect "cortico"-rubral and rubro-cerebellar cortical projections in the pigeon. Journal of Comparative Neurology 326(4): 623-636

Hillsley, K.; Kirkup, A.J.; Grundy, D. 1998: Direct and indirect actions of 5-hydroxytryptamine on the discharge of mesenteric afferent fibres innervating the rat jejunum. Journal of Physiology 506: 551-561

Nakamura, H.; Kitagawa, H.; Kawaguchi, Y.; Tsuji, H. 1996: Direct and indirect activation of human corticospinal neurons by transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. Neuroscience Letters 210(1): 45-48

Kucera, V.; Fitz, S. 1995: Direct and indirect air pollution effects on materials including cultural monuments. Water Air and Soil Pollution 85(1): 153-165

LeJemtel, T.H.; Testa, M.; Jondeau, G. 1996: Direct and indirect assessment of skeletal muscle blood flow in patients with congestive heart failure. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 28(11): 2249-2254

Saitoh, H.; Cooke, C.A.; Burgess, W.H.; Earnshaw, W.C.; Dasso, M. 1996: Direct and indirect association of the small GTPase ran with nuclear pore proteins and soluble transport factors: studies in Xenopus laevis egg extracts. Molecular Biology of the Cell 7(9): 1319-1334

Hodapp, R.M. 1997: Direct and indirect behavioral effects of different genetic disorders of mental retardation. American Journal of Mental Retardation: Ajmr 102(1): 67-79

Fagher, B.; Magnússon, J.; Thulin, T. 1994: Direct and indirect blood pressure in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Journal of Internal Medicine 236(1): 85-90

Nickoloff, B.J.; Turka, L.A.; Mitra, R.S.; Nestle, F.O. 1995: Direct and indirect control of T-cell activation by keratinocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 105(1 Suppl): 25s-29s

Maier, M.A.; Olivier, E.; Baker, S.N.; Kirkwood, P.A.; Morris, T.; Lemon, R.N. 1997: Direct and indirect corticospinal control of arm and hand motoneurons in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus). Journal of Neurophysiology 78(2): 721-733

Fitzgerald, S.T.; Merrill, A.; Aversano, T.; Sorkin, A. 1994: Direct and indirect cost of percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty. Cardiology 85(5): 298-302

Ferson, M.J.; Shen, W.L.; Stark, A. 1998: Direct and indirect costs of chickenpox in young children. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 34(1): 18-21

Thorson, J.M.; Morgan, R.A.; Brown, J.S.; Norman, J.E. 1998: Direct and indirect cues of predatory risk and patch use by fox squirrels and thirteen-lined ground squirrels. Behavioral Ecology 9(2): 151-157

Choi, B.H.; Lee, J.I.; Kae, B.M.; Chung, K.Y. 1992: Direct and indirect effects and determination coefficients of agronomic traits on seed cotton yield for Upland cotton culture after naked barley harvest. Research Reports of the Rural Development Administration 34(2 UPLAND AND INDUS CROPS): 59-67

Lawler, S.P. 1993: Direct and indirect effects in microcosm communities of protists. Oecologia (heidelberg). 93(2): 184-190

Walker, B.R.; Sang, K.S.; Williams, B.C.; Edwards, C.R. 1994: Direct and indirect effects of carbenoxolone on responses to glucocorticoids and noradrenaline in rat aorta. Journal of Hypertension 12(1): 33-39

Creed, Robert, P.Jr 1994: Direct and indirect effects of crayfish grazing in a stream community. Ecology 75(7): 2091-2103

Mather, M.E.; Stein, R.A. 1993: Direct and indirect effects of fish predation on the replacement of a native crayfish by an invading congener. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 50(6): 1279-1288

Huryn, A.D.; Benke, A.C.; Ward, G.M.lton 1995: Direct and indirect effects of geology on the distribution, biomass, and production of the freshwater snail Elimia. Journal of the North American Benthological Society 14(4): 519-534

Carrillo, P.; Reche, I.; Sanchez Castillo, P.; Cruz Pizarro, L. 1995: Direct and indirect effects of grazing on the phytoplankton seasonal succession in an oligotrophic lake. Journal of Plankton Research 17(6): 1363-1379

Giacca, A.; Fisher, S.J.; McCall, R.H.; Shi, Z.Q.; Vranic, M. 1997: Direct and indirect effects of insulin in suppressing glucose production in depancreatized dogs: role of glucagon. Endocrinology 138(3): 999-1007

Vuori, Kari Matti 1995: Direct and indirect effects of iron on river ecosystems. Annales Zoologici Fennici 32(3): 317-329

Vibert, N.; Serafin, M.; Vidal, P.P.; Mühlethaler, M. 1995: Direct and indirect effects of muscimol on medial vestibular nucleus neurones in guinea-pig brainstem slices. Experimental Brain Research 104(2): 351-356

Diehl, S. 1995: Direct and indirect effects of omnivory in a littoral lake community. Ecology (washington D C). 76(6): 1727-1740

Brotons, L.; Magrans, M.; Ferrus, L.; Nadal, J. 1998: Direct and indirect effects of pollution on the foraging behaviour of forest passerines during the breeding season. Canadian Journal of Zoology 76(3): 556-565

Werner, E.E.; Mcpeek, M.A. 1994: Direct and indirect effects of predators on two anuran species along an environmental gradient. Ecology (tempe). 75(5): 1368-1382

Nicholls, P.; He, J. 1993: Direct and indirect effects of valinomycin upon cytochrome c oxidase. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 301(2): 305-310

Urabe, J. 1995: Direct and indirect effects of zooplankton on seston stoichiometry. Ecoscience 2(3): 286-296

Magoul, R.; Dubourg, P.; Benjelloun, W.; Tramu, G. 1993: Direct and indirect enkephalinergic synaptic inputs to the rat arcuate nucleus studied by combination of retrograde tracing and immunocytochemistry. Neuroscience 55(4): 1055-1066

Cleghorn, F.R.; Jack, N.; Murphy, J.R.; Edwards, J.; Mahabir, B.; Paul, R.; O'Brien, T.; Greenberg, M.; Weinhold, K.; Bartholomew, C.; Brookmeyer, R.; Blattner, W.A. 1998: Direct and indirect estimates of HIV-1 incidence in a high-prevalence population. American Journal of Epidemiology 147(9): 834-839

Oldenburg, J.; Schwaab, R.; Grimm, T.; Zerres, K.; Hakenberg, P.; Brackmann, H.H.; Olek, K. 1993: Direct and indirect estimation of the sex ratio of mutation frequencies in hemophilia A. American Journal of Human Genetics 53(6): 1229-1238

Simek, K.; Chrzanowski, T.H. 1992: Direct and indirect evidence of size-selective grazing on pelagic bacteria by freshwater nanoflagellates. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 58(11): 3715-3720

Lisovoski, F. 1997: Direct and indirect excitotoxic models of Huntington's disease. A review. Semaine des Hopitaux 73(15-16): 496-503

Thron, R.W. 1996: Direct and indirect exposure to air pollution. Otolaryngology--Head and Neck Surgery: Official Journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery 114(2): 281-285

Ziska, L., H.; Bunce, J., A. 1994: Direct and indirect inhibition of single leaf respiration by elevated CO-2 concentrations: Interaction with temperature. Physiologia Plantarum 90(1): 130-138

Lehman, E.B.; McKinley-Pace, M.J.; Wilson, J.A.; Slavsky, M.D.; Woodson, M.E. 1997: Direct and indirect measures of intentional forgetting in children and adults: evidence for retrieval inhibition and reinstatement. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 64(2): 295-316

Shurman, L.; Laskov, R.; Bergman, Y. 1996: Direct and indirect mechanisms of repression participate in suppression of T-cell-specific gene expression in T x L-cell hybrids. Gene Expression 5(6): 285-300

Parkman, H.P.; Ma, R.C.; Stapelfeldt, W.H.; Szurszewski, J.H. 1993: Direct and indirect mechanosensory pathways from the colon to the inferior mesenteric ganglion. American Journal of Physiology 265(3 Part 1): G499-G505

D'Ambra, A.; Baugher, J.E.; Concannon, P.E.; Pon, R.A.; Michon, F. 1997: Direct and indirect methods for molar-mass analysis of fragments of the capsular polysaccharide of Haemophilus influenzae type b. Analytical Biochemistry 250(2): 228-236

Fesenko, A.N.; Orlova, I.F.; Provorov, N.A.; Simarov, B.V. 1996: Direct and indirect methods for testing competitiveness of pea nodule bacteria. Prikladnaia Biokhimiia i Mikrobiologiia 32(3): 352-355

Kaulesar Sukul, D.M.; den Hoed, P.T.; Johannes, E.J.; van Dolder, R.; Benda, E. 1993: Direct and indirect methods for the quantification of leg volume: Comparison between water displacement volumetry, the disk model method and the frustum sign model method, using the correlation coefficient and the limits of agreement. Journal of Biomedical Engineering 15(6): 477-480

Goldstein, S.; Squadrito, G.L.; Pryor, W.A.; Czapski, G. 1996: Direct and indirect oxidations by peroxynitrite, neither involving the hydroxyl radical. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 21(7): 965-974

Cheramy, A.; L'hirondel, M.; Godeheu, G.; Artaud, F.; Glowinski, J. 1998: Direct and indirect presynaptic control of dopamine release by excitatory amino acids. Amino Acids (vienna). 14(1-3): 63-68

Levine, J.D.; Zhao, X.S.; Miselis, R.R. 1994: Direct and indirect retinohypothalamic projections to the supraoptic nucleus in the female albino rat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 341(2): 214-224

Houkin, K.; Ishikawa, T.; Yoshimoto, T.; Abe, H. 1997: Direct and indirect revascularization for moyamoya disease surgical techniques and peri-operative complications. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 99(Suppl): S142-S145

Nishi, K.; Horiguchi, T.; Kawashima, F.; Tanida, S. 1996: Direct and indirect stimulation of megakaryocytopoiesis by TAN-1511 A, a microbial lipopeptide. Anticancer Research 16(6b): 3695-3703

Ramjee, G.; Coovadia, H.M.; Adhikari, M. 1996: Direct and indirect tests of pore size and charge selectivity in nephrotic syndrome. Journal of Laboratory and Clinical Medicine 127(2): 195-199

Doi, K.; Seki, M.; Kuroda, Y.; Okamura, N.; Ito, H.; Hayakawa, T.; Zyo, K. 1997: Direct and indirect thalamic afferents arising from the vestibular nuclear complex of rats: medial and spinal vestibular nuclei. Okajimas Folia Anatomica Japonica 74(1): 9-31

O, S.J.; Cox, M.H.; Mukherjee, R.; Clair, M.J.; Crawford, F.A.; Spinale, F.G. 1996: Direct and interactive effects of cardioplegic arrest and protamine on myocyte contractility. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 62(2): 489-494

Nellen, D.; Burke, R.; Struhl, G.; Basler, K. 1996: Direct and long-range action of a DPP morphogen gradient. Cell 85(3): 357-368

Zecca, M.; Basler, K.; Struhl, G. 1996: Direct and long-range action of a wingless morphogen gradient. Cell 87(5): 833-844

Drews, U. 1998: Direct and mediated effects of testosterone: analysis of sex reversed mosaic mice heterozygous for testicular feminization. Cytogenetics and Cell Genetics 80(1-4): 68-74

Pivovarov, A.S.; Walker, R.J. 1996: Direct and modulatory effects of FMRFamide, SKPYMRFamide and acety1-SKPYMRFamide on LPa2, LPa3, and RPa3 identified neurons of Helix lucorum. Regulatory Peptides 67(3): 169-178

Urdea, M.S.; Wilber, J.C.; Yeghiazarian, T.; Todd, J.A.; Kern, D.G.; Fong, S.J.; Besemer, D.; Hoo, B.; Sheridan, P.J.; Kokka, R. 1993: Direct and quantitative detection of HIV-1 RNA in human plasma with a branched DNA signal amplification assay. Aids 7(Suppl): S11-S14

Fleminger, G.; Shabtai, Y. 1995: Direct and Rapid Analysis of the Adhesion of Bacteria to Solid Surfaces: Interaction of Fluorescently Labeled Rhodococcus Strain GIN-1 (NCIMB 40340) Cells with Titanium-Rich Particles. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 61(12): 4357-4361

Nikolai, G.; Niggemann, B.; Werner, M.; Zänker, K.S.; Friedl, P. 1998: Direct and rapid induction of migration in human CD4+ T lymphocytes within three-dimensional collagen matrices mediated by signalling via CD3 and/or CD2. Immunology 95(1): 62-68

Higgins, J.M.; Mandlebrot, D.A.; Shaw, S.K.; Russell, G.J.; Murphy, E.A.; Chen, Y.T.; Nelson, W.J.; Parker, C.M.; Brenner, M.B. 1998: Direct and regulated interaction of integrin alphaEbeta7 with E-cadherin. Journal of Cell Biology 140(1): 197-210

Ravichandran, L.V.; Johns, R.A.; Rengasamy, A. 1995: Direct and reversible inhibition of endothelial nitric oxide synthase by nitric oxide. American Journal of Physiology 268(6 Part 2): H2216-H2223

Xi, X.; Caen, J.P.; Fournier, S.; Schlegel, N.; Amiral, J.; Sibony, O.; Blot, P.; Han, Z.C. 1996: Direct and reversible inhibition of platelet factor 4 on megakaryocyte development from CD34+ cord blood cells: comparative studies with transforming growth factor beta1. British Journal of Haematology 93(2): 265-272

Bonnet, D.; Lemoine, F.M.; Pontvert-Delucq, S.; Baillou, C.; Najman, A.; Guigon, M. 1993: Direct and reversible inhibitory effect of the tetrapeptide acetyl-N-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (Seraspenide) on the growth of human CD34+ subpopulations in response to growth factors. Blood 82(11): 3307-3314

Baskin, B.; Islam, K.B.; Evengård, B.; Emtestam, L.; Smith, C.I. 1997: Direct and sequential switching from mu to epsilon in patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and atopic dermatitis. European Journal of Immunology 27(1): 130-135

Muthuswamy, S.K.; Muller, W.J. 1995: Direct and specific interaction of c-Src with Neu is involved in signaling by the epidermal growth factor receptor. Oncogene 11(2): 271-279

Haynes, W.G.; Hand, M.F.; Johnstone, H.A.; Padfield, P.L.; Webb, D.J. 1994: Direct and sympathetically mediated venoconstriction in essential hypertension. Enhanced responses to endothelin-1. Journal of Clinical Investigation 94(4): 1359-1364

Eckman, M.H.; Wong, J.B.; Salem, D.N.; Pauker, S.G. 1992: Direct angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction. A review of outcomes in clinical subsets. Annals of Internal Medicine 117(8): 667-676

Vacek, J.L.; Rosamond, T.L.; Kramer, P.H.; Crouse, L.J.; Robuck, O.W.; White, J.L.; Beauchamp, G.D. 1992: Direct angioplasty versus initial thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: long-term follow-up and changes in practice pattern. American Heart Journal 124(6): 1411-1418

Zarnke, K.B.; Feldman, R.D. 1996: Direct angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor-mediated venodilation. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 59(5): 559-568

Rainov, N.G.; Heidecke, V.; Burkert, W. 1996: Direct anterior fixation of odontoid fractures with a hollow spreading screw system. Acta Neurochirurgica 138(2): 146-153

O'Conner, J.L.; Wade, M.F.; Brann, D.W.; Mahesh, V.B. 1993: Direct anterior pituitary modulation of gonadotropin secretion by neuropeptide Y: role of gonadal steroids. Neuroendocrinology 58(1): 129-135

Orekhov, A.N.; Tertov, V.V.; Sobenin, I.A.; Pivovarova, E.M. 1995: Direct anti-atherosclerosis-related effects of garlic. Annals of Medicine 27(1): 63-65

Donetti, E.; Fumagalli, R.; Paoletti, R.; Soma, M.R. 1997: Direct antiatherogenic activity of isradipine and lacidipine on neointimal lesions induced by perivascular manipulation in rabbits. Pharmacological Research 35(5): 417-422

Birchall, I.E. 1996: Direct antibody method for formalin fixed, paraffin embedded renal biopsies: A comparison with the peroxidase labeled streptavidin/biotin method. Journal of Histotechnology 19(2): 125-129

Lepesheva, G.I.; Turko, I.V.; Ges', I.A.; Chashchin, V.L. 1994: Direct antigen detection in immunoglobulin G Langmuir-Blodgett films on the basis of surface plasmon resonance and in a piezoelectric system. Biokhimiya 59(7): 939-945

Ohta, Y.; Gotoh, M.; Ohzato, H.; Fukuzaki, T.; Nishihara, M.; Dono, K.; Umeshita, K.; Sakon, M.; Yagita, H.; Okumura, K.; Tanaka, T.; Kawashima, H.; Miyasaka, M.; Monden, M. 1998: Direct antigen presentation through binding of donor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 to recipient lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 molecules in xenograft rejection. Transplantation 65(8): 1094-1100

Johnson, J.R.; Tiu, F.S.; Stamm, W.E. 1995: Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing for acute urinary tract infections in women. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(9): 2316-2323

Huang, A.H.; Wu, J.J.; Weng, Y.M.; Ding, H.C.; Chang, T.C. 1998: Direct antimicrobial susceptibility testing of gram-negative bacilli in blood cultures by an electrochemical method. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36(10): 2882-2886

Tummon, I.S.; MacDougall, P.J.; Yuzpe, A.A.; Deutsch, A. 1994: Direct antisperm antibodies using enzyme immunoassay or immunobeads. a prospective cohort comparison. Journal of Reproductive Medicine 39(10): 765-768

Kling, M.; Jakobsen, I. 1997: Direct application of carbendazim and propiconazole at field rates to the external mycelium of three arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi species: Effect on 32P transport and succinate dehydrogenase activity. Mycorrhiza 7(1): 33-37

Hong, T.; Ndamukong, J.; Millett, W.; Kish, A.; Win, K.K.; Choi, Y.J. 1996: Direct application of etest to Gram-positive cocci from blood cultures: Quick and reliable minimum inhibitory concentration data. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 25(1): 21-25

Morgan, A.E.; Porter, S.P.; Clarkson, F.A.; Volkow, N.D.; Fowler, J.S.; Dewey, S.L. 1997: Direct approach for attenuating cocaine's effects on extracellular dopamine: targeting the dopamine transporter. Synapse 26(4): 423-427

O'Hair, R.A.; Sheil, M.M.; Truscott, R.J. 1992: Direct approach to identification, at the molecular level, of modified proteins in human nuclear cataractous lenses: beta-crystallin is a component of the urea-insoluble protein fraction. Ophthalmic Research 24(5): 303-307

Morimoto, T.; Yamada, T.; Hashimoto, H.; Tokunaga, H.; Tsunoda, S.; Sakaki, T. 1995: Direct approach to intracranial vertebral arteriovenous fistula. Case report. Acta Neurochirurgica 137(1-2): 98-101

Sakia, R.M. 1993: Direct approximation of the T-distribution percentiles. Discovery and Innovation 5(3): 223-226

Pascual, P.; Martinez-Lara, E.; Bárcena, J.A.; López-Barea, J.; Toribio, F. 1992: Direct assay of glutathione peroxidase activity using high-performance capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography 581(1): 49-56

Rush, J.S.; Klein, J.; Fanti, P.; Bhat, N.R.; Waechter, C.J. 1992: Direct assay of membrane-associated protein kinase C activity in B lymphocytes in the presence of Brij 58. Analytical Biochemistry 207(2): 304-310

Habel, D.; Guermouche, S.; Guermouche, M.H. 1997: Direct assay of tinidazole in human serum by micellar liquid chromatography. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 11(1): 16-18

Powers, J.S.; Zimmer, J.; Meurer, K.; Manske, E.; Collins, J.C.; Greene, H.L. 1993: Direct assay of vitamins B1, B2, and B6 in hospitalized patients: relationship to level of intake. Jpen. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition 17(4): 315-316

Mohammad, S.N.; Barratt, C.L.; Cooke, I.D.; Moore, H.D. 1996: Direct assessment of cryopreservation of human spermatozoa using a cryomicroscope and computer-aided sperm analysis. Human Reproduction 11(12): 2687-2692

Snel, Y.E.; Brummer, R.J.; Bol, E.; Doerga, M.E.; Zelissen, P.M.; Zonderland, M.L.; Boer, P.; Koomans, H.A.; Koppeschaar, H.P. 1995: Direct assessment of extracellular water volume by the bromide-dilution method in growth hormone-deficient adults. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 25(9): 708-714

Klapow, J.C.; Evans, J.; Patterson, T.L.; Heaton, R.K.; Koch, W.L.; Jeste, D.V. 1997: Direct assessment of functional status in older patients with schizophrenia. American Journal of Psychiatry 154(7): 1022-1024

Croft, N.M.; Marshall, T.G.; Ferguson, A. 1996: Direct assessment of gastrointestinal inflammation and mucosal immunity in children with cystic fibrosis. Postgraduate Medical Journal 72(Suppl): S32-S36

Offermans, M.T.; Struyk, L.; de Geus, B.; Breedveld, F.C.; van den Elsen, P.J.; Rozing, J. 1996: Direct assessment of junctional diversity in rearranged T cell receptor beta chain encoding genes by combined heteroduplex and single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Journal of Immunological Methods 191(1): 21-31

Armstrong, R.D.; Helyar, K.R.; Prangnell, R. 1993: Direct assessment of mineral phosphorus availability to tropical crops using phosphorus-32 labelled compounds. Plant and Soil 150(2): 279-287

Inscho, E.W.; Cook, A.K.; Mui, V.; Miller, J. 1998: Direct assessment of renal microvascular responses to P2-purinoceptor agonists. American Journal of Physiology 274(4): F718-F727

Wagner, E.M.; Bleecker, E.R.; Permutt, S.; Liu, M.C. 1998: Direct assessment of small airways reactivity in human subjects. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 157(2): 447-452

Haniu, M.; Acklin, C.; Kenney, W.C.; Rohde, M.F. 1994: Direct assignment of disulfide bonds by Edman degradation of selected peptide fragments. International Journal of Peptide and Protein Research 43(1): 81-86

Pandey, A.; Liu, X.; Dixon, J.E.; Di Fiore, P.P.; Dixit, V.M. 1996: Direct association between the Ret receptor tyrosine kinase and the Src homology 2-containing adapter protein Grb7. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271(18): 10607-10610

Riches, F.M.; Watts, G.F.; Naoumova, R.P.; Kelly, J.M.; Croft, K.D.; Thompson, G.R. 1997: Direct association between the hepatic secretion of very-low-density lipoprotein apolipoprotein B-100 and plasma mevalonic acid and lathosterol concentrations in man. Atherosclerosis 135(1): 83-91

Price, D.J.; Rivnay, B.; Fu, Y.; Jiang, S.; Avraham, S.; Avraham, H. 1997: Direct association of Csk homologous kinase (CHK) with the diphosphorylated site Tyr568/570 of the activated c-KIT in megakaryocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(9): 5915-5920

Wang, J.; Auger, K.R.; Jarvis, L.; Shi, Y.; Roberts, T.M. 1995: Direct association of Grb2 with the p85 subunit of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270(21): 12774-12780

Yang, C.H.; Shi, W.; Basu, L.; Murti, A.; Constantinescu, S.N.; Blatt, L.; Croze, E.; Mullersman, J.E.; Pfeffer, L.M. 1996: Direct association of STAT3 with the IFNAR-1 chain of the human type I interferon receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271(14): 8057-8061

Kameoka, J.; Tanaka, T.; Nojima, Y.; Schlossman, S.F.; Morimoto, C. 1993: Direct association of adenosine deaminase with a T cell activation antigen, CD26. Science 261(5120): 466-469

D'Alessandro, F.; Colamonici, O.R.; Nordan, R.P. 1993: Direct association of interleukin-6 with a 130-kDa component of the interleukin-6 receptor system. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(3): 2149-2153

Furuse, M.; Itoh, M.; Hirase, T.; Nagafuchi, A.; Yonemura, S.; Tsukita, S.; Tsukita, S. 1994: Direct association of occludin with ZO-1 and its possible involvement in the localization of occludin at tight junctions. Journal of Cell Biology 127(6 Pt 1): 1617-1626

Tachibana, K.; Sato, T.; D'Avirro, N.; Morimoto, C. 1995: Direct association of pp125FAK with paxillin, the focal adhesion-targeting mechanism of pp125FAK. Journal of Experimental Medicine 182(4): 1089-1099

Murayama, M.; Tanaka, S.; Palacino, J.; Murayama, O.; Honda, T.; Sun, X.; Yasutake, K.; Nihonmatsu, N.; Wolozin, B.; Takashima, A. 1998: Direct association of presenilin-1 with beta-catenin. Febs Letters 433(1-2): 73-77

Shen, Y.; Schneider, G.; Cloutier, J.F.; Veillette, A.; Schaller, M.D. 1998: Direct association of protein-tyrosine phosphatase PTP-PEST with paxillin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(11): 6474-6481

Toyofuku, T.; Yabuki, M.; Otsu, K.; Kuzuya, T.; Hori, M.; Tada, M. 1998: Direct association of the gap junction protein connexin-43 with ZO-1 in cardiac myocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(21): 12725-12731

Jiao, H.; Berrada, K.; Yang, W.; Tabrizi, M.; Platanias, L.C.; Yi, T. 1996: Direct association with and dephosphorylation of Jak2 kinase by the SH2-domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1. Molecular and Cellular Biology 16(12): 6985-6992

Allison, D.P.; Kerper, P.S.; Doktycz, M.J.; Spain, J.A.; Modrich, P.; Larimer, F.W.; Thundat, T.; Warmack, R.J. 1996: Direct atomic force microscope imaging of EcoRI endonuclease site specifically bound to plasmid DNA molecules. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93(17): 8826-8829

Hiraishi, A. 1992: Direct automated sequencing of 16S rDNA amplified by polymerase chain reaction from bacterial cultures without DNA purification. Letters in Applied Microbiology 15(5): 210-213

Waites, K.B.; Brookings, E.S.; Moser, S.A.; Zimmer, B.L. 1998: Direct bacterial identification from positive BacT/Alert blood cultures using Micro Scan overnight and rapid panels. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease 32(1): 21-26

König, K.; Wahl, W.; Rühm, W.; Burkart, W. 1998: Direct beta measurements to determine in vivo whole-body activities of 90Sr in residents of the Southern Urals: Description of a new method. Radiation and Environmental Biophysics 37(1): 19-25

Nakamoto, T.; Sakai, R.; Ozawa, K.; Yazaki, Y.; Hirai, H. 1996: Direct binding of C-terminal region of p130Cas to SH2 and SH3 domains of Src kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271(15): 8959-8965

Fang, G.; Yu, H.; Kirschner, M.W. 1998: Direct binding of CDC20 protein family members activates the anaphase-promoting complex in mitosis and G1. Molecular Cell 2(2): 163-171

Heaney, C.; Kolibaba, K.; Bhat, A.; Oda, T.; Ohno, S.; Fanning, S.; Druker, B.J. 1997: Direct binding of CRKL to BCR-ABL is not required for BCR-ABL transformation. Blood 89(1): 297-306

Hale, C.A.; de Boer, P.A. 1997: Direct binding of FtsZ to ZipA, an essential component of the septal ring structure that mediates cell division in E. coli. Cell 88(2): 175-185

Dwyer, T.M.; Froehner, S.C. 1995: Direct binding of Torpedo syntrophin to dystrophin and the 87 kDa dystrophin homologue. Febs Letters 375(1-2): 91-94

Fan, Q.R.; Garboczi, D.N.; Winter, C.C.; Wagtmann, N.; Long, E.O.; Wiley, D.C. 1996: Direct binding of a soluble natural killer cell inhibitory receptor to a soluble human leukocyte antigen-Cw4 class I major histocompatibility complex molecule. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93(14): 7178-7183

Joosten, I.; Wauben, M.H.; Holewijn, M.C.; Reske, K.; Pedersen, L.O.; Roosenboom, C.F.; Hensen, E.J.; van Eden, W.; Buus, S. 1994: Direct binding of autoimmune disease related T cell epitopes to purified Lewis rat MHC class II molecules. International Immunology 6(5): 751-759

Kato, J.; Matsushime, H.; Hiebert, S.W.; Ewen, M.E.; Sherr, C.J. 1993: Direct binding of cyclin D to the retinoblastoma gene product (pRb) and pRb phosphorylation by the cyclin D-dependent kinase CDK4. Genes and Development 7(3): 331-342

Castagnino, P.; Biesova, Z.; Wong, W.T.; Fazioli, F.; Gill, G.N.; Di Fiore, P.P. 1995: Direct binding of eps8 to the juxtamembrane domain of EGFR is phosphotyrosine- and SH2-independent. Oncogene 10(4): 723-729

Avdulov, N.A.; Chochina, S.V.; Daragan, V.A.; Schroeder, F.; Mayo, K.H.; Wood, W.G. 1996: Direct binding of ethanol to bovine serum albumin: a fluorescent and 13C NMR multiplet relaxation study. Biochemistry 35(1): 340-347

Iemura, S.; Yamamoto, T.S.; Takagi, C.; Uchiyama, H.; Natsume, T.; Shimasaki, S.; Sugino, H.; Ueno, N. 1998: Direct binding of follistatin to a complex of bone-morphogenetic protein and its receptor inhibits ventral and epidermal cell fates in early Xenopus embryo. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95(16): 9337-9342

Hofstetter, O.; Hofstetter, H.; Then, D.; Schurig, V.; Green, B.S. 1997: Direct binding of low molecular weight haptens to ELISA plates. Journal of Immunological Methods 210(1): 89-92,. 15

Fridkis-Hareli, M.; Teitelbaum, D.; Gurevich, E.; Pecht, I.; Brautbar, C.; Kwon, O.J.; Brenner, T.; Arnon, R.; Sela, M. 1994: Direct binding of myelin basic protein and synthetic copolymer 1 to class II major histocompatibility complex molecules on living antigen-presenting cells--specificity and promiscuity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91(11): 4872-4876

Murakami, N.; Elzinga, M.; Singh, S.S.; Chauhan, V.P. 1994: Direct binding of myosin II to phospholipid vesicles via tail regions and phosphorylation of the heavy chains by protein kinase C. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269(23): 16082-16090

Kirsch, K.H.; Georgescu, M.M.; Hanafusa, H. 1998: Direct binding of p130(Cas) to the guanine nucleotide exchange factor C3G. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(40): 25673-25679

Kepa, J.K.; Jacobsen, B.M.; Boen, E.A.; Prendergast, P.; Edwards, D.P.; Takimoto, G.; Wierman, M.E. 1996: Direct binding of progesterone receptor to nonconsensus DNA sequences represses rat GnRH. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 117(1): 27-39

Mehta, R.V.; Upadhyay, R.V.; Charles, S.W.; Ramchand, C.N. 1997: Direct binding of protein to magnetic particles. Biotechnology Techniques 11(7): 493-496

Knezevic, I.; Leisner, T.M.; Lam, S.C. 1996: Direct binding of the platelet integrin alphaIIbbeta3 (GPIIb-IIIa) to talin. Evidence that interaction is mediated through the cytoplasmic domains of both alpha IIb and beta3. Journal of Biological Chemistry 271(27): 16416-16421

Liu, F.; Hill, D.E.; Chernoff, J. 1996: Direct binding of the proline-rich region of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B to the Src homology 3 domain of p130(Cas). Journal of Biological Chemistry 271(49): 31290-31295

Miki, H.; Takenawa, T. 1998: Direct binding of the verprolin-homology domain in N-WASP to actin is essential for cytoskeletal reorganization. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 243(1): 73-78

Yoganathan, T.; Horikoshi, M.; Roeder, R.G.; Sells, B.H. 1993: Direct binding of yeast transcription factor (TFIID) to the ribosomal protein L32 (rpL32) TATA-less promoter sequence. Febs Letters 326(1-3): 163-166

Colamonici, O.; Yan, H.; Domanski, P.; Handa, R.; Smalley, D.; Mullersman, J.; Witte, M.; Krishnan, K.; Krolewski, J. 1994: Direct binding to and tyrosine phosphorylation of the alpha subunit of the type I interferon receptor by p135tyk2 tyrosine kinase. Molecular and Cellular Biology 14(12): 8133-8142

Zhang, S.; Pointer, D.; Singer, G.; Feng, Y.; Park, K.; Zhao, L.J. 1998: Direct binding to nucleic acids by Vpr of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. Gene 212(2): 157-166

Girard Egrot, A.P.; Morelis, R.M.; Coulet, P.R. 1998: Direct bioelectrochemical monitoring of choline oxidase kinetic behaviour in Langmuir-Blodgett nanostructures. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 46(1): 39-44,.

Brenner, D.J. 1996: Direct biological evidence for a significant neutron dose to survivors of the Hiroshima Atomic bomb. Radiation Research 145(4): 501-507

Kusaka, M.; Sperelakis, N. 1995: Direct block of calcium channels by dioctanoylglycerol in pregnant rat myometrial cells. Molecular Pharmacology 47(4): 842-847

Paillart, C.; Carlier, E.; Guedin, D.; Dargent, B.; Couraud, F. 1997: Direct block of voltage-sensitive sodium channels by genistein, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 280(2): 521-526

Wei, J.Y.; Cohen, E.D.; Barnstable, C.J. 1997: Direct blockade of both cloned rat rod photoreceptor cyclic nucleotide-gated non-selective cation (CNG) channel alpha-subunit and native CNG channels from Xenopus rod outer segments by H-8, a non-specific cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinase inhibitor. Neuroscience Letters 233(1): 37-40

Fregly, M.J.; Schechtman, O. 1994: Direct blood pressure measurements in rats during abrupt exposure to, and removal from, cold air. Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine. Society for Experimental Biology and Medicine 205(2): 119-123

Castelain, S.; Khorsi, H.; Zawadzki, P.; Sueur, J.M.; Capron, J.P.; Eb, F.; Duverlie, G. 1997: Direct blotting electrophoresis for sequencing and genotyping hepatitis C virus. Journal of Virological Methods 65(2): 237-243

Bermudez, A.; Daban, J.R.; Garcia, J.R.; Mendez, E. 1994: Direct blotting, sequencing and immunodetection of proteins after five-minute staining of SDS and SDS-treated IEF gels with Nile red. Biotechniques 16(4): 621-624

Kobayashi, M.; Kikutani, T.; Kokubo, T.; Nakamura, T. 1997: Direct bone formation on alumina bead composite. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 37(4): 554-565,. 15

Piattelli, A.; Scarano, A.; Piattelli, M.; Calabrese, L. 1996: Direct bone formation on sand-blasted titanium implants: An experimental study. Biomaterials 17(10): 1015-1018

Matthies, C.; Samii, M. 1997: Direct brainstem recording of auditory evoked potentials during vestibular schwannoma resection: nuclear BAEP recording. Technical note and preliminary results. Journal of Neurosurgery 86(6): 1057-1062

Fyhrie, D.P.; Fazzalari, N.L.; Goulet, R.; Goldstein, S.A. 1993: Direct calculation of the surface-to-volume ratio for human cancellous bone. Journal of Biomechanics 26(8): 955-967

Fuchs, H.; Orberger, G.; Tauber, R.; Gessner, R. 1995: Direct calibration ELISA: A rapid method for the simplified determination of association constants of unlabeled biological molecules. Journal of Immunological Methods 188(2): 197-208

de Cannière, L.; Michel, L.A.; Lorge, F.; Rosière, A.; Vandenbossche, P. 1997: Direct carbon dioxide insufflation of the retroperitoneum under laparoscopic control for renal and adrenal surgery. European Journal of Surgery 163(5): 339-344

Süzer, O.; Süzer, A.; Aykaç, Z.; Ozüner, Z. 1998: Direct cardiac effects in isolated perfused rat hearts measured at increasing concentrations of morphine, alfentanil, fentanyl, ketamine, etomidate, thiopentone, midazolam and propofol. European Journal of Anaesthesiology 15(4): 480-485

Weber, G.; Stark, G.; Stark, U. 1995: Direct cardiac electrophysiologic effects of sufentanil and vecuronium in isolated guinea-pig hearts. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 39(8): 1071-1074

Buckman, R.F.; Badellino, M.M.; Mauro, L.H.; Aldridge, S.C.; Milner, R.E.; Malaspina, P.J.; Merchant, N.B.; Buckman, R.F. 1995: Direct cardiac massage without major thoracotomy: Feasibility and systemic blood flow. Resuscitation 29(3): 237-248

Gallet, P.F.; Maftah, A.; Petit, J.M.; Denis-Gay, M.; Julien, R. 1995: Direct cardiolipin assay in yeast using the red fluorescence emission of 10-N-nonyl acridine orange. European Journal of Biochemistry 228(1): 113-119

Bai, H.; Otsu, K.; Islam, M.N.; Kuroki, H.; Terada, M.; Tada, M.; Wakasugi, C. 1996: Direct cardiotoxic effects of cocaine and cocaethylene on isolated cardiomyocytes. International Journal of Cardiology 53(1): 15-23

Kuether, T.A.; O'Neill, O.R.; Nesbit, G.M.; Barnwell, S.L. 1996: Direct carotid cavernous fistula after trigeminal balloon microcompression gangliolysis: case report. Neurosurgery 39(4): 853

Maugard, C.; Aguilar-Martinez, P.; Schved, J.F.; Biron, C.; Gris, J.C.; Demaille, J.; Claustres, M. 1995: Direct carrier detection for severe haemophilia A: application to families with no available affected male. Genetic Counseling 6(2): 109-112

Doyle, C.A.; Maxwell, D.J. 1993: Direct catecholaminergic innervation of spinal dorsal horn neurons with axons ascending the dorsal columns in cat. Journal of Comparative Neurology 331(3): 434-444

Zaborszky, L.; Cullinan, W.E. 1996: Direct catecholaminergic-cholinergic interactions in the basal forebrain. I. Dopamine-beta-hydroxylase- and tyrosine hydroxylase input to cholinergic neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology 374(4): 535-554

Gaykema, R.P.; Zaborszky, L. 1996: Direct catecholaminergic-cholinergic interactions in the basal forebrain. II. Substantia nigra-ventral tegmental area projections to cholinergic neurons. Journal of Comparative Neurology 374(4): 555-577

Krenacs, T.; van Dartel, M.; Lindhout, E.; Rosendaal, M. 1997: Direct cell/cell communication in the lymphoid germinal center: connexin43 gap junctions functionally couple follicular dendritic cells to each other and to B lymphocytes. European Journal of Immunology 27(6): 1489-1497

Lou, J.; Dayer, J.M.; Grau, G.E.; Burger, D. 1996: Direct cell/cell contact with stimulated T lymphocytes induces the expression of cell adhesion molecules and cytokines by human brain microvascular endothelial cells. European Journal of Immunology 26(12): 3107-3113

Agematsu, K.; Kobata, T.; Sugita, K.; Hirose, T.; Schlossman, S.F.; Morimoto, C. 1995: Direct cellular communications between CD45R0 and CD45RA T cell subsets via CD27/CD70. Journal of Immunology 154(8): 3627-3635

Bódis, B.; Karádi, O.; Nagy, L.; Dohoczky, C.; Kolega, M.; Mózsik, G. 1997: Direct cellular effects of some mediators, hormones and growth factor-like agents on denervated (isolated) rat gastric mucosal cells. Journal of Physiology Paris 91(3-5): 183-187

Thomas, P.T.; House, R.V.; Bhargava, H.N. 1995: Direct cellular immunomodulation produced by diacetylmorphine (Heroin) or methadone. General Pharmacology 26(1): 123-130

Matta, B.F.; Mayberg, T.S.; Lam, A.M. 1995: Direct cerebrovasodilatory effects of halothane, isoflurane, and desflurane during propofol-induced isoelectric electroencephalogram in humans. Anesthesiology 83(5): 980

Chapell, R.; Martin, J.; Machu, T.K.; Leidenheimer, N.J. 1998: Direct channel-gating and modulatory effects of triiodothyronine on recombinant GABA(A) receptors. European Journal of Pharmacology 349(1): 115-121

Normand, P.; Chapelon, C. 1997: Direct characterization of Frankia and of close phyletic neighbors from an Alnus viridis rhizosphere. Physiologia Plantarum 99(4): 722-731

Ferretti, L.; Leone, P.; Pilla, F.; Zhang, Y.; Nocart, M.; Guérin, G. 1994: Direct characterization of bovine microsatellites from cosmids: polymorphism and synteny mapping. Animal Genetics 25(4): 209-214

Facino, R.M.; Carini, M.; Aldini, G.; Marinello, C.; Arlandini, E.; Franzoi, L.; Colombo, M.; Pietta, P.; Mauri, P. 1993: Direct characterization of caffeoyl esters with antihyaluronidase activity in crude extracts from Echinacea angustifolia roots by fast atom bombardment tandem mass spectrometry. Farmaco 48(10): 1447-1461

Bruenner, B.A.; Jones, A.D.; German, J.B. 1995: Direct characterization of protein adducts of the lipid peroxidation product 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal using electrospray mass spectrometry. Chemical Research in Toxicology 8(4): 552-559

Sugiura, S.; Kobayakawa, N.; Fujita, H.; Momomura, S.; Omata, M. 1997: Direct characterization of single molecular kinetics of cardiac myosin in vitro. Heart and Vessels Suppl 12: 97-99

Fitzgerald, M.C.; Harris, K.; Shevlin, C.G.; Siuzdak, G. 1996: Direct characterization of solid phase resin-bound molecules by mass spectrometry. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 6(8): 979-982

Mayo, D.J.; Tomasella, F.P.; Noroski, J.E. 1996: Direct chiral resolution of 15-deoxyspergualin using a cellobiohydrolase liquid chromatographic column. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 14(4): 457-463

Kodama, S.; Yamamoto, A.; Matsunaga, A. 1998: Direct chiral resolution of pantothenic acid using 2-hydroxypropyl-beta-cyclodextrin in capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A 811(1-2): 269-273

Aboul-Enein, H.Y.; Serignese, V. 1997: Direct chiral resolution of phenylalkylamines using a crown ether chiral stationary phase. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 11(1): 7-10

Wan, H.; Engstrom, A.; Blomberg, L.G. 1996: Direct chiral separation of amino acids derivatized with 2-(9-anthryl)ethyl chloroformate by capillary electrophoresis using cyclodextrins as chiral selectors: Effect of organic modifiers on resolution and enantiomeric elution order. Journal of Chromatography A 731(1-2): 283-292

Burcharth, F.; Kruse, A. 1996: Direct cholangiography and biliary drainage. Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology. Supplement 216: 59-72

Lin, S.; Maddox, N., J. 1995: Direct chromatographic separation of 2-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methylglycine and its methyl ester enantiomers using a chiral crown ether column. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 18(10): 1947-1955

Lu, Y.J.; Xiao, S.; Yan, Y.S.; Fu, S.B.; Liu, Q.Z.; Li, P. 1993: Direct chromosome analysis of 50 primary breast carcinomas. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 69(2): 91-99

Xiao, S.; Wei, W.; Feng, X.L.; Shi, Y.H.; Liu, Q.Z.; Li, P. 1992: Direct chromosome analysis of seven primary colorectal carcinomas. Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics 62(1): 32-39

Mukai, Y.; Appels, R. 1996: Direct chromosome mapping of plant genes by in situ polymerase chain reaction (in situ PCR). Chromosome Research: An International Journal on the Molecular Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology 4(5): 401-404

Beaulieu, P.; Cardinal, R.; De Léan, A.; Lambert, C. 1996: Direct chronotropic effects of atrial and C-type natriuretic peptides in anaesthetized dogs. British Journal of Pharmacology 118(7): 1790-1796

Bovee, M.L.; Lamphear, B.J.; Rhoads, R.E.; Lloyd, R.E. 1998: Direct cleavage of elF4G by poliovirus 2A protease is inefficient in vitro. Virology 245(2): 241-249

Clark, M.E.; Lieberman, P.M.; Berk, A.J.; Dasgupta, A. 1993: Direct cleavage of human TATA-binding protein by poliovirus protease 3C in vivo and in vitro. Molecular and Cellular Biology 13(2): 1232-1237

Ben-Yosef, R.; Kapp, D.S. 1995: Direct clinical comparison of ultrasound and radiative electromagnetic hyperthermia applicators in the same tumours. International Journal of Hyperthermia: the Official Journal of European Society for Hyperthermic Oncology North American Hyperthermia Group 11(1): 1-10

Kubota, T.; Jonas, J.B.; Naumann, G.O. 1993: Direct clinico-histological correlation of parapapillary chorioretinal atrophy. British Journal of Ophthalmology 77(2): 103-106

Matsumoto, K.; Kuriyama, M.; Tamiya, T.; Ohmoto, T. 1997: Direct clip obliteration of a ruptured giant aneurysm of the posterior communicating artery: case report. Neurosurgery 41(4): 939

Mizoi, K.; Yoshimoto, T.; Takahashi, A.; Ogawa, A. 1994: Direct clipping of basilar trunk aneurysms using temporary balloon occlusion. Journal of Neurosurgery 80(2): 230-236

Palin, A.H.; Critcher, R.; Fitzgerald, D.J.; Anderson, J.N.; Farr, C.J. 1998: Direct cloning and analysis of DNA sequences from a region of the Chinese hamster genome associated with aphidicolin-sensitive fragility. Journal of Cell Science 111: 1623-1634

Baginski, I.; Chemin, I.; Turin, F.; Pichoud, C.; Trépo, C.; Hantz, O. 1993: Direct cloning and expression of PCR amplified DNA and RNA sequences: application to the hepadnaviruses nucleocapsid proteins. Journal of Virological Methods 42(2-3): 337-344

Rassool, F.V.; Le Beau, M.M.; Shen, M.L.; Neilly, M.E.; Espinosa, R.; Ong, S.T.; Boldog, F.; Drabkin, H.; McCarroll, R.; McKeithan, T.W. 1996: Direct cloning of DNA sequences from the common fragile site region at chromosome band 3p14.2. Genomics 35(1): 109-117

Law, A.; Hirayoshi, K.; O'Brien, T.; Lis, J.T. 1998: Direct cloning of DNA that interacts in vivo with a specific protein: application to RNA polymerase II and sites of pausing in Drosophila. Nucleic Acids Research 26(4): 919-924

Mbarek, O.; Vergé, V.; Hevor, T. 1998: Direct cloning of astrocytes from primary culture without previous immortalization. In Vitro Cellular and Developmental Biology. Animal 34(5): 401-411

Cancilla, M.R.; Tainton, K.M.; Barry, A.E.; Larionov, V.; Kouprina, N.; Resnick, M.A.; Sart, D.D.; Choo, K.H. 1998: Direct cloning of human 10q25 neocentromere DNA using transformation-associated recombination (TAR) in yeast. Genomics 47(3): 399-404

Brown, L.; Yin, J.L.; Hambly, B. 1998: Direct cloning of polymerase chain reaction products into the pinpoint Xa1-T vector protein expression system. Electrophoresis 19(5): 860-866

Erickson, J.R.; Johnston, M. 1993: Direct cloning of yeast genes from an ordered set of lambda clones in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by recombination in vivo. Genetics 134(1): 151-157

Juvik, J.O.; Dos-Anjos, C.; Nullet, D. 1995: Direct cloud water recovery by inertial impaction: Implications for large scale water supply in the Cape Verde Islands. Theoretical and Applied Climatology 51(1-2): 89-96

Loomans, E.E.; Petersen-van Ettekoven, A.; Bloemers, H.P.; Schielen, W.J. 1997: Direct coating of poly(Lys) or acetyl-thio-acetyl peptides to polystyrene: The effects in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Analytical Biochemistry 248(1): 117-129

Roberson, J.; Senne, A.; Brackmann, D.; Hitselberger, W.E.; Saunders, J. 1996: Direct cochlear nerve action potentials as an aid to hearing preservation in middle fossa acoustic neuroma resection. American Journal of Otology 17(4): 653-657

Cueva, R.A.; Morris, G.F.; Prioleau, G.R. 1998: Direct cochlear nerve monitoring: first report on a new atraumatic, self-retaining electrode. American Journal of Otology 19(2): 202-207

Chan, K.Y.; Wasserman, B.P. 1993: Direct colorimetric assay of free thiol groups and disulfide bonds in suspensions of solubilized and particulate cereal proteins. Cereal Chemistry 70(1): 22-26

Charych, D.H.; Nagy, J.O.; Spevak, W.; Bednarski, M.D. 1993: Direct colorimetric detection of a receptor-ligand interaction by a polymerized bilayer assembly. Science 261(5121): 585-588

Tyllianakis, P.E.; Kakabakos, S.E.; Evangelatos, G.P.; Ithakissios, D.S. 1994: Direct colorimetric determination of solid-supported functional groups and ligands using bicinchoninic acid. Analytical Biochemistry 219(2): 335-340

D.V., J.X.; Schmitz Kummer, E. 1993: Direct column liquid chromatographic enantiomer separation of the coumarin anticoagulants phenprocoumon, warfarin, acenocoumarol and metabolites on an alpha-1-acid glycoprotein chiral stationary phase. Journal of Chromatography 644(2): 315-320

Boban, N.; McCallum, J.B.; Schedewie, H.K.; Boban, M.; Kampine, J.P.; Bosnjak, Z.J. 1995: Direct comparative effects of isoflurane and desflurane on sympathetic ganglionic transmission. Anesthesia and Analgesia 80(1): 127-134

Senagore, A.; Milsom, J.W.; Walshaw, R.K.; Dunston, R.; Chaudry, I.H. 1992: Direct comparison between Czerny-Lembert and circular-stapled anastomotic techniques in colorectal anastomosis: A similar pattern of healing for both. Diseases of the Colon and Rectum 35(9): 862-869

Pettengell, R.; Luft, T.; Henschler, R.; Hows, J.M.; Dexter, T.M.; Ryder, D.; Testa, N.G. 1994: Direct comparison by limiting dilution analysis of long-term culture-initiating cells in human bone marrow, umbilical cord blood, and blood stem cells. Blood 84(11): 3653-3659

Shehata, A.R.; Ahlberg, A.W.; Gillam, L.D.; Mascitelli, V.A.; Piriz, J.M.; Fleming, R.A.; Chen, C.; Waters, D.D.; Heller, G.V. 1997: Direct comparison of Arbutamine and Dobutamine stress testing with myocardial perfusion imaging and echocardiography in patients with coronary artery disease. American Journal of Cardiology 80(6): 716-720

Kappas, A.; Drummond, G.S.; Henschke, C.; Valaes, T. 1995: Direct comparison of Sn-mesoporphyrin, an inhibitor of bilirubin production, and phototherapy in controlling hyperbilirubinemia in term and near-term newborns. Pediatrics 95(4): 468-474

Spieth, M.E.; Ansari, A.N.; Kawada, T.K.; Kimura, R.L.; Siegel, M.E. 1994: Direct comparison of Tc-99m DTPA and Tc-99m HMPAO for evaluating brain death. Clinical Nuclear Medicine 19(10): 867-872

Cooper, M.L.; Andree, C.; Hansbrough, J.F.; Zapata-Sirvent, R.L.; Spielvogel, R.L. 1993: Direct comparison of a cultured composite skin substitute containing human keratinocytes and fibroblasts to an epidermal sheet graft containing human keratinocytes on athymic mice. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 101(6): 811-819

Wilson, G.D.; Saunders, M.I.; Dische, S.; Daley, F.M.; Robinson, B.M.; Martindale, C.A.; Joiner, B.; Richman, P.I. 1996: Direct comparison of bromodeoxyuridine and Ki-67 labelling indices in human tumours. Cell Proliferation 29(3): 141-152

von Eisenhart-Rothe, R.; Eckstein, F.; Müller-Gerbl, M.; Landgraf, J.; Rock, C.; Putz, R. 1997: Direct comparison of contact areas, contact stress and subchondral mineralization in human hip joint specimens. Anatomy and Embryology 195(3): 279-288

Burke, D.; Hicks, R.; Gandevia, S.C.; Stephen, J.; Woodforth, I.; Crawford, M. 1993: Direct comparison of corticospinal volleys in human subjects to transcranial magnetic and electrical stimulation. Journal of Physiology 470: 383-393

Verma, S.; Valsaraj, K.T.; Wetzel, D.M.; Harrison, D.P. 1994: Direct comparison of countercurrent and cascade crossflow air stripping under field conditions. Water Research 28(11): 2253-2261

Rajaram, S.; Roediger, H.L. 1993: Direct comparison of four implicit memory tests. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning Memory and Cognition 19(4): 765-776

Morgan, M.M. 1998: Direct comparison of heat-evoked activity of nociceptive neurons in the dorsal horn with the hindpaw withdrawal reflex in the rat. Journal of Neurophysiology 79(1): 174-180

Walmrath, D.; Schneider, T.; Schermuly, R.; Olschewski, H.; Grimminger, F.; Seeger, W. 1996: Direct comparison of inhaled nitric oxide and aerosolized prostacyclin in acute respiratory distress syndrome. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 153(3): 991-996

Thakur, R.; Souza, J.J.; Chapman, P.D.; Troup, P.J.; Wetherbee, J.N. 1996: Direct comparison of monophasic, biphasic and sequential pulse defibrillation over a single current pathway. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 12(4): 407-411

Price, C.P.; Milligan, T.P.; Darte, C. 1997: Direct comparison of performance characteristics of two immunoassays for bone isoform of alkaline phosphatase in serum. Clinical Chemistry 43(11): 2052-2057

Hedges, D.W.; Umar, F.; Mellon, C.D.; Herrick, L.C.; Hanson, M.L.; Wahl, M.J. 1995: Direct comparison of the family history method and the family study method using a large stuttering pedigree. Journal of Fluency Disorders 20(1): 25-33

Margolick, J.B.; Muñoz, A.; Vlahov, D.; Astemborski, J.; Solomon, L.; He, X.Y.; Nelson, K.E.; Saah, A.J. 1994: Direct comparison of the relationship between clinical outcome and change in CD4+ lymphocytes in human immunodeficiency virus-positive homosexual men and injecting drug users. Archives of Internal Medicine 154(8): 869-875

Lu, Y.; Peters, J.L.; Michael, A.C. 1998: Direct comparison of the response of voltammetry and microdialysis to electrically evoked release of striatal dopamine. Journal of Neurochemistry 70(2): 584-593

Williams, P.J.; Lane, J.R.; Capparelli, E.V.; Kim, Y.H.; Coleman, R. 1996: Direct comparison of three methods for predicting digoxin concentrations. Pharmacotherapy 16(6): 1085-1092

Seward, R.J.; Ehrenstein, B.; Grundmann, H.J.; Towner, K.J. 1997: Direct comparison of two commercially available computer programs for analysing DNA fingerprinting gels. Journal of Medical Microbiology 46(4): 314-320

Pollak, C.P.; Stokes, P.E.; Wagner, D.R. 1998: Direct comparison of two widely used activity recorders. Sleep 21(2): 207-212

Nomura, Y.; Shirouzu, M.; Takayama, T. 1998: Direct comparisons of adjuvant endocrine therapy, chemotherapy, and chemoendocrine therapy for operable breast cancer patients stratified by estrogen receptor and menopausal status. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment 49(1): 51-60

Vashishtha, M.; Segil, G.; Hall, J.L. 1996: Direct complementation of Chlamydomonas mutants with amplified YAC DNA. Genomics 36(3): 459-467

Yoshida, M.; Asano, M. 1994: Direct compression by megadolichobasilar anomaly as a cause of trigeminal neuralgia; a case diagnosed by MRI. Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 172(4): 327-332

Li, J.; Jaszczak, R.J.; Greer, K.L.; Coleman, R.E.; Cao, Z.J.; Tsui, B.M. 1993: Direct cone beam SPECT reconstruction with camera tilt. Physics in Medicine and Biology 38(2): 241-258

Reig, J.; Jornet, A.; Petit, M. 1995: Direct connection between the coronary arteries in the human heart. Intercoronary arterial continuity. Angiology 46(3): 235-242

Rezzonico, R.; Burger, D.; Dayer, J.M. 1998: Direct contact between T lymphocytes and human dermal fibroblasts or synoviocytes down-regulates types i and IIi collagen production via cell-associated cytokines. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(30): 18720-18728

Lacraz, S.; Isler, P.; Vey, E.; Welgus, H.G.; Dayer, J.M. 1994: Direct contact between T lymphocytes and monocytes is a major pathway for induction of metalloproteinase expression. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269(35): 22027-22033

Omokaro, D.N.; Ajakaiye, C.O. 1995: Direct contact effects of pendimethalin and metolachlor on the anatomy of cowpea (Vigna unguiculata). Nigerian Journal of Botany 8: 17-24

York, I.A.; Johnson, D.C. 1993: Direct contact with herpes simplex virus-infected cells results in inhibition of lymphokine-activated killer cells because of cell-to-cell spread of virus. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168(5): 1127-1132

Vey, E.; Dayer, J.M.; Burger, D. 1997: Direct contact with stimulated T cells induces the expression of IL-1beta and IL-1 receptor antagonist in human monocytes. Involvement of serine/threonine phosphatases in differential regulation. Cytokine 9(7): 480-487

Verfaillie, C.M.; Catanzaro, P. 1996: Direct contact with stroma inhibits proliferation of human long-term culture initiating cells. Leukemia 10(3): 498-504

Zin-Ka-Ieu, S.; Roger, M.; Arnault, P. 1998: Direct contacts between fibers from the ventrolateral thalamic nucleus and frontal cortical neurons projecting to the striatum: a light-microscopy study in the rat. Anatomy and Embryology 197(1): 77-87

Zhou, J.J.; Zhong, B.; Silverman, R.B. 1996: Direct continuous fluorometric assay for monoamine oxidase B. Analytical Biochemistry 234(1): 9-12

Kashiwabara, S.; Kurokawa, Y.; Uede, T.; Hashi, K. 1998: Direct continuous observation of in situ thrombolysis in the cerebral embolic model of rabbits. No to Shinkei 50(4): 347-354

Motomura, Y.; Chijiiwa, Y.; Iwakiri, Y.; Nawata, H. 1997: Direct contractile effect of cholecystokinin octapeptide on caecal circular smooth muscle cells of guinea pig via both CCK-A and CCK-B/gastrin receptors. Life Sciences 60(7): 499-504

Okabe, H.; Chijiiwa, Y.; Yoshinaga, M.; Misawa, T.; Kabemura, T.; Nawata, H. 1995: Direct contractile effect of endothelin-1 on isolated circular smooth muscle cells of guinea pig caecum. Digestion 56(1): 21-24

Yamasaki, T.; Chijiiwa, K.; Chijiiwa, Y. 1994: Direct contractile effect of motilin on isolated smooth muscle cells from human gallbladder. Journal of Surgical Research 56(1): 89-93

Chijiiwa, K.; Yamasaki, T.; Chijiiwa, Y. 1994: Direct contractile response of isolated gallbladder smooth muscle cells to cholecystokinin in patients with gallstones. Journal of Surgical Research 56(5): 434-438

Arispe, N.; De Mazancourt, P.; Rojas, E. 1995: Direct control of a large conductance K(+)-selective channel by G-proteins in adrenal chromaffin granule membranes. Journal of Membrane Biology 147(2): 109-119

Tsai, P.; Patel, B.; Lee, C.S. 1993: Direct control of electroosmosis and retention window in micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography. Analytical Chemistry 65(10): 1439-1442

Payre, F.; Crozatier, M.; Vincent, A. 1994: Direct control of transcription of the Drosophila morphogen bicoid by the serendipity delta zinc finger protein, as revealed by in vivo analysis of a finger swap. Genes and Development 8(22): 2718-2728

Lonser, R.R.; Weil, R.J.; Morrison, P.F.; Governale, L.S.; Oldfield, E.H. 1998: Direct convective delivery of macromolecules to peripheral nerves. Journal of Neurosurgery 89(4): 610-615

Lonser, R.R.; Gogate, N.; Morrison, P.F.; Wood, J.D.; Oldfield, E.H. 1998: Direct convective delivery of macromolecules to the spinal cord. Journal of Neurosurgery 89(4): 616-622

Donner, B.; Zenz, M.; Tryba, M.; Strumpf, M. 1996: Direct conversion from oral morphine to transdermal fentanyl: A multicenter study in patients with cancer pain. Pain 64(3): 527-534

Abe, H.; Yamasaki, A.; Harayama, T. 1998: Direct conversion of a benzylic hydroxy group into a selenenyl group using the phenyl trimethylsilyl selenide-aluminum bromide combination. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 46(8): 1311-1313

Zhang, S.; Rich, A. 1997: Direct conversion of an oligopeptide from a beta-sheet to an alpha-helix: a model for amyloid formation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(1): 23-28

Ajisaka, H.; Hiraki, T.; Ikeda, H.; Kubara, I.; Yoshida, T.; Ohga, M.; Imaizumi, T. 1997: Direct conversion of atrial flutter to sinus rhythm with low-output, short-duration transesophageal atrial pacing. Clinical Cardiology 20(9): 762-766

Woo, S.H.; Parker, M.H.; Ploypradith, P.; Northrop, J.; Posner, G.H. 1998: Direct conversion of pyranose anomeric OH fwdarw F fwdarw R in the artemisinin family of antimalarial trioxanes. Tetrahedron Letters 39(12): 1533-1536

Garner, B.; van Reyk, D.; Dean, R.T.; Jessup, W. 1997: Direct copper reduction by macrophages. Its role in low density lipoprotein oxidation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(11): 6927-6935

Goupille, P.; Fouquet, B.; Cotty, P.; Goga, D.; Valat, J.P. 1992: Direct coronal computed tomography of the temporomandibular joint in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. British Journal of Radiology 65(779): 955-960

Blum, A.; Boyer, B.; Regent, D.; Simon, J.M.; Claudon, M.; Mole, D. 1993: Direct coronal view of the shoulder with arthrographic CT. Radiology 188(3): 677-681

Coughlan, M.G.; Lee, J.G.; Bosnjak, Z.J.; Schmelling, W.T.; Kampine, J.P.; Warltier, D.C. 1992: Direct coronary and cerebral vascular responses to dexmedetomidine. Anesthesiology 77(5): 998-1006

Bhayana, J.N.; Salerno, T.A. 1995: Direct coronary sinus cannulation during cardioplegic infusion. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 60(4): 1129

Benetti, F.J.; Mariani, M.A.; Ballester, C. 1996: Direct coronary surgery without cardiopulmonary bypass in acute myocardial infarction. Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery 37(4): 391-395

Wei, Q.; Cheng, L.; Xie, K.; Bucana, C.D.; Dong, Z. 1997: Direct correlation between DNA repair capacity and metastatic potential of K-1735 murine melanoma cells. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 108(1): 3-6

Mittelman, L.; Levin, S.; Verschueren, H.; De Baetselier, P.; Korenstein, R. 1994: Direct correlation between cell membrane fluctuations, cell filterability and the metastatic potential of lymphoid cell lines. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 203(2): 899-906

Xie, K.; Huang, S.; Dong, Z.; Gutman, M.; Fidler, I.J. 1995: Direct correlation between expression of endogenous inducible nitric oxide synthase and regression of M5076 reticulum cell sarcoma hepatic metastases in mice treated with liposomes containing lipopeptide CGP 31362. Cancer Research 55(14): 3123-3131

Trehan, S.; Noronha, J.M. 1995: Direct correlation between neopterin and excretion of total pteridines in normal controls and cancer subjects. Journal of Clinical Biochemistry and Nutrition 19(2): 107-113

Rodionov, D.G.; Ishiguro, E.E. 1995: Direct correlation between overproduction of guanosine 3',5'-bispyrophosphate (ppGpp) and penicillin tolerance in Escherichia coli. Journal of Bacteriology 177(15): 4224-4229

Schwartz, A.B. 1994: Direct cortical representation of drawing. Science 265(5171): 540-542

Curfs, M.H.; Gribnau, A.A.; Dederen, P.J. 1996: Direct cortico-motoneuronal synaptic contacts are present in the adult rat cervical spinal cord and are first established at postnatal day 7. Neuroscience Letters 205(2): 123-126

Got, P.; Baleux, B.; Troussellier, M. 1993: Direct count of aquatic bacteria by epifluorescence microscopy: Comparison of visual and image analyser (Mudicam) techniques. Revue des Sciences de l'Eau 6(3): 269-284

Hennes, K.P.; Suttle, C.A. 1995: Direct counts of viruses in natural waters and laboratory cultures by epifluorescence microscopy. Limnology and Oceanography 40(6): 1050-1055

Berg, B.R.; Cohen, K.D.; Sarelius, I.H. 1997: Direct coupling between blood flow and metabolism at the capillary level in striated muscle. American Journal of Physiology 272(6 Part 2): H2693-H2700

Cruciani, R.A.; Dvorkin, B.; Morris, S.A.; Crain, S.M.; Makman, M.H. 1993: Direct coupling of opioid receptors to both stimulatory and inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding proteins in F-11 neuroblastoma-sensory neuron hybrid cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 90(7): 3019-3023

Hyotylainen, T.; Riekkola, M.L.isa 1998: Direct coupling of reversed-phase liquid chromatography to gas chromatography. Journal of Chromatography A 819(1-2): 13-24

Dagenais, P.; Desprez, B.; Albert, J.; Escher, E. 1994: Direct covalent attachment of small peptide antigens to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay plates using radiation and carbodiimide activation. Analytical Biochemistry 222(1): 149-155

Matylevich, N.P.; Chu, C.S.; McManus, A.T.; Mason, A.D.; Pruitt, B.A. 1996: Direct current reduces plasma protein extravasation after partial-thickness burn injury in rats. Journal of Trauma 41(3): 424-429

Chu, C.S.; Matylevich, N.P.; McManus, A.T.; Mason, A.D.; Pruitt, B.A. 1996: Direct current reduces wound edema after full-thickness burn injury in rats. Journal of Trauma 40(5): 738-742

Caterine, M.R.; Spencer, K.T.; Pagan-Carlo, L.A.; Smith, R.S.; Buettner, G.R.; Kerber, R.E. 1996: Direct current shocks to the heart generate free radicals: An electron paramagnetic resonance study. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 28(6): 1598-1609

Meril, A.J. 1994: Direct current stimulation of allograft in anterior and posterior lumbar interbody fusions. Spine 19(21): 2393-2398

Ma, Chun-Shan 1993: Direct current therapy for malignant tumor: Report of 20 cases. Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology 20(5): 384-386

Mok, S.C.; Lo, K.W.; Tsao, S.W. 1993: Direct cycle sequencing of mutated alleles detected by PCR single-strand conformation polymorphism analysis. Biotechniques 14(5): 790-794

Aoyagi, H.; IIno, Y.; Kurebayashi, J.; Maemura, M.; Ishida, T.; Morishita, Y.; Horiuchi, R. 1994: Direct cytotoxic effects of biological response modifiers and combined effects with Adriamycin in human breast cancer cell MCF-7. Journal of Japan Society for Cancer Therapy 29(6): 849-854

Brevig, T.; Kristensen, T. 1997: Direct cytotoxic response of human lymphocytes to porcine PHA-lymphoblasts and lymphocytes. Apmis: Acta Pathologica Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica 105(4): 290-298

Gómez, C.; Martín, C.; Galea, E.; Estrada, C. 1993: Direct cytotoxicity of ethylcholine mustard aziridinium in cerebral microvascular endothelial cells. Journal of Neurochemistry 60(4): 1534-1539

Yokoyama, Yuji; Falgueres, Christophe; De Lumley, Marie Antoinette 1997: Direct dating of a Qafzeh Proto-Cro-Magnon skull by non destructive gamma-ray spectrometry. Comptes Rendus de l'Academie des Sciences Serie II A Sciences de la Terre et des Planetes 324(9): 773-779

Larbre, J.P.; Moore, A.R.; Da Silva, J.A.; Iwamura, H.; Ioannou, Y.; Willoughby, D.A. 1994: Direct degradation of articular cartilage by rheumatoid synovial fluid: contribution of proteolytic enzymes. Journal of Rheumatology 21(10): 1796-1801

Day, P.M.; Yewdell, J.W.; Porgador, A.; Germain, R.N.; Bennink, J.R. 1997: Direct delivery of exogenous MHC class I molecule-binding oligopeptides to the endoplasmic reticulum of viable cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(15): 8064-8069

Olivi, A.; Gilbert, M.; Duncan, K.L.; Corden, B.; Lenartz, D.; Brem, H. 1993: Direct delivery of platinum-based antineoplastics to the central nervous system: A toxicity and ultrastructural study. Cancer Chemotherapy and Pharmacology 31(6): 449-454

Strock, C.; Cavagna, M.; Peiffer, W.E.; Sumbilla, C.; Lewis, D.; Inesi, G. 1998: Direct demonstration of Ca2+ binding defects in sarco-endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase mutants overexpressed in COS-1 cells transfected with adenovirus vectors. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(24): 15104-15109

Tarlinton, D. 1993: Direct demonstration of MHC class Ii surface expression on murine pre-B cells. International Immunology 5(12): 1629-1635

Ruff, V.A.; Leach, K.L. 1995: Direct demonstration of NFATp dephosphorylation and nuclear localization in activated HT-2 cells using a specific NFATp polyclonal antibody. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270(38): 22602-22607

Cederqvist, B.; Persson, M.G.; Gustafsson, L.E. 1994: Direct demonstration of NO formation in vivo from organic nitrites and nitrates, and correlation to effects on blood pressure and to in vitro effects. Biochemical Pharmacology 47(6): 1047-1053

Ingi, T.; Ronnett, G.V. 1995: Direct demonstration of a physiological role for carbon monoxide in olfactory receptor neurons. Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 15(12): 8214-8222

Katsura, T.; Ausiello, D.A.; Brown, D. 1996: Direct demonstration of aquaporin-2 water channel recycling in stably transfected LLC-PK1 epithelial cells. American Journal of Physiology 270(3 Pt 2): F548-F553

Mancino, R.; Cerulli, L.; Ricci, A.; Amenta, F. 1992: Direct demonstration of dopamine D1-like receptor sites in the ciliary body of the rabbit eye by light microscope autoradiography. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 346(6): 644-648

Rowell, C.A.; Kowalczyk, J.J.; Lewis, M.D.; Garcia, A.M. 1997: Direct demonstration of geranylgeranylation and farnesylation of Ki-Ras in vivo. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(22): 14093-14097

Rao, U.S.; Scarborough, G.A. 1994: Direct demonstration of high affinity interactions of immunosuppressant drugs with the drug binding site of the human P-glycoprotein. Molecular Pharmacology 45(4): 773-776

Kanai, F.; Nishioka, Y.; Hayashi, H.; Kamohara, S.; Todaka, M.; Ebina, Y. 1993: Direct demonstration of insulin-induced GLUT4 translocation to the surface of intact cells by insertion of a c-myc epitope into an exofacial GLUT4 domain. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(19): 14523-14526

Lazarowski, E.R.; Homolya, L.; Boucher, R.C.; Harden, T.K. 1997: Direct demonstration of mechanically induced release of cellular UTP and its implication for uridine nucleotide receptor activation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(39): 24348-24354

McCrary, J.K.; Nolasco, L.H.; Hellums, J.D.; Kroll, M.H.; Turner, N.A.; Moake, J.L. 1995: Direct demonstration of radiolabeled von Willebrand factor binding to platelet glycoprotein Ib and IIb-IIIa in the presence of shear stress. Annals of Biomedical Engineering 23(6): 787-793

Gramatté, T.; Oertel, R.; Terhaag, B.; Kirch, W. 1996: Direct demonstration of small intestinal secretion and site-dependent absorption of the beta-blocker talinolol in humans. Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics 59(5): 541-549

Lee, K.; Dixon, A.K.; Rowe, I.C.; Ashford, M.L.; Richardson, P.J. 1995: Direct demonstration of sulphonylurea-sensitive KATP channels on nerve terminals of the rat motor cortex. British Journal of Pharmacology 115(3): 385-387

Sugita, K.; Tanaka, T.; Doshen, J.M.; Schlossman, S.F.; Morimoto, C. 1993: Direct demonstration of the CD27 molecule involved in the negative regulatory effect on T cell activation. Cellular Immunology 152(1): 279-285

Narlikar, G.J.; Herschlag, D. 1998: Direct demonstration of the catalytic role of binding interactions in an enzymatic reaction. Biochemistry 37(28): 9902-9911

Nagai, K.; Yamaguchi, H. 1993: Direct demonstration of the essential role of intramolecular high-mannose oligosaccharide chains in the folding and assembly of soybean (Glycine max) lectin polypeptides. Journal of Biochemistry (Tokyo) 113(2): 123-125

Talkad, V.D.; Fortune, K.P.; Pollo, D.A.; Shah, G.N.; Wank, S.A.; Gardner, J.D. 1994: Direct demonstration of three different states of the pancreatic cholecystokinin receptor. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91(5): 1868-1872

Bochkareva, E.S.; Horovitz, A.; Girshovich, A.S. 1994: Direct demonstration that ATP is in contact with Cys-137 in chaperonin GroEL. Journal of Biological Chemistry 269(1): 44-46

Rill, D.R.; Santana, V.M.; Roberts, W.M.; Nilson, T.; Bowman, L.C.; Krance, R.A.; Heslop, H.E.; Moen, R.C.; Ihle, J.N.; Brenner, M.K. 1994: Direct demonstration that autologous bone marrow transplantation for solid tumors can return a multiplicity of tumorigenic cells. Blood 84(2): 380-383

Rivera Monroy, V.H.; Twilley, R.R.; Boustany, R.G.; Day, J.W.; Vera Herrera, F.; Del Carmen Ramirez, M. 1995: Direct denitrification in mangrove sediments in Terminos Lagoon, Mexico. Marine Ecology Progress Series 126(1-3): 97-109

Dorros, G.; Mathiak, L. 1993: Direct deployment of the iliofemoral balloon expandable (Palmaz) stent utilizing a small (7.5 French) arterial puncture. Catheterization and Cardiovascular Diagnosis 28(1): 80-82

Polla, B.; Cappelli, V.; Canepari, M.; Zanardi, M.C.; Reggiani, C. 1995: Direct depressant effect of phosphodiesterase inhibitors on ATPase activity of rat cardiac myofibrils. Canadian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology 73(5): 661-664

Vuorinen, P.; Miettinen, A.; Vuento, R.; Hällström, O. 1995: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens by Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test and Roche Amplicor Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Test. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(7): 1856-1859

Lan, J.; Walboomers, J.M.; Roosendaal, R.; van Doornum, G.J.; MacLaren, D.M.; Meijer, C.J.; van den Brule, A.J. 1993: Direct detection and genotyping of Chlamydia trachomatis in cervical scrapes by using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(5): 1060-1065

Portaels, F.; Agular, J.; Fissette, K.; Fonteyne, P.A.; De Beenhouwer, H.; de Rijk, P.; Guédénon, A.; Lemans, R.; Steunou, C.; Zinsou, C.; Dumonceau, J.M.; Meyers, W.M. 1997: Direct detection and identification of Mycobacterium ulcerans in clinical specimens by PCR and oligonucleotide-specific capture plate hybridization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(5): 1097-1100

De Vos, D.; Lim, A.; Pirnay, J.P.; Struelens, M.; Vandenvelde, C.; Duinslaeger, L.; Vanderkelen, A.; Cornelis, P. 1997: Direct detection and identification of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in clinical samples such as skin biopsy specimens and expectorations by multiplex PCR based on two outer membrane lipoprotein genes, opri and oprL. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(6): 1295-1299

Hawkins, C.L.; Davies, M.J. 1996: Direct detection and identification of radicals generated during the hydroxyl radical-induced degradation of hyaluronic acid and related materials. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 21(3): 275-290

Okazaki, Y.; Hirose, K.; Hirotsune, S.; Okuizumi, H.; Sasaki, N.; Ohsumi, T.; Yoshiki, A.; Kusakabe, M.; Muramatsu, M.; Kawai, J. 1995: Direct detection and isolation of restriction landmark genomic scanning (RLGS) spot DNA markers tightly linked to a specific trait by using the RLGS spot-bombing method. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92(12): 5610-5614

Zhai, X.; Ashraf, M. 1995: Direct detection and quantification of singlet oxygen during ischemia and reperfusion in rat hearts. American Journal of Physiology 269(4 Pt 2): H1229-H1236

Takeshi, K.; Ikeda, T.; Kubo, A.; Fujinaga, Y.; Makino, S.; Oguma, K.; Isogai, E.; Yoshida, S.; Sunagawa, H.; Ohyama, T.; Kimura, H. 1997: Direct detection by PCR of Escherichia coli O157 and enteropathogens in patients with bloody diarrhea. Microbiology and Immunology 41(10): 819-822

Yoshida, S.; Kaneko, S.; Matsuo, N.; Kusakabe, I. 1995: Direct detection for beta-xylanase on isoelectric focusing gels by using 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 59(3): 521-522

Deidda, G.; Cacurri, S.; Piazzo, N.; Felicetti, L. 1996: Direct detection of 4q35 rearrangements implicated in facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD). Journal of Medical Genetics 33(5): 361-365

Struthers, L.; Patel, R.; Clark, J.; Thomas, S. 1998: Direct detection of 8-oxodeoxyguanosine and 8-oxoguanine by avidin and its analogues. Analytical Biochemistry 255(1): 20-31

Jaschek, G.; Gaydos, C.A.; Welsh, L.E.; Quinn, T.C. 1993: Direct detection of Chlamydia trachomatis in urine specimens from symptomatic and asymptomatic men by using a rapid polymerase chain reaction assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(5): 1209-1212

Lung, M.L.; Lam, W.P.; Chan, K.H.; Li, S.; Sham, J.; Choy, D. 1992: Direct detection of Epstein-Barr virus in peripheral blood and comparison of Epstein-Barr virus genotypes present in direct specimens and lymphoblastoid cell lines established from nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients and healthy carriers in Hong Kong. International Journal of Cancer 52(2): 174-177

Paton, A.W.; Paton, J.C.; Goldwater, P.N.; Manning, P.A. 1993: Direct detection of Escherichia coli Shiga-like toxin genes in primary fecal cultures by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(11): 3063-3067

Nazabal, M.; Silva, R.; Machado, J. 1993: Direct detection of HIV 1 and HIV 2 infection in seropositive persons by DNA amplification. Biotecnologia Aplicada 10(2): 129-132

Giannetti, A.; Zambruno, G.; Cimarelli, A.; Marconi, A.; Negroni, M.; Girolomoni, G.; Bertazzoni, U. 1993: Direct detection of HIV-1 RNA in epidermal Langerhans cells of HIV-infected patients. Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes 6(4): 329-333

Akar, N.; Akar, E.; Taştan, H.; Cin, S. 1996: Direct detection of Hb C (B6 Glu-Lys) by BseRi analysis. American Journal of Hematology 52(4): 325-326

Bollo, E.; Guarda, F.; Capucchio, M.T.; Galietti, F. 1998: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and M. avium complex in tissue specimens from cattle through identification of specific rRNA sequences. Zentralblatt für Veterinarmedizin. Reihe B. Journal of Veterinary Medicine. Series B 45(7): 395-400

Gamboa, F.; Manterola, J.M.; Viñado, B.; Matas, L.; Giménez, M.; Lonca, J.; Manzano, J.R.; Rodrigo, C.; Cardona, P.J.; Padilla, E.; Domínguez, J.; Ausina, V. 1997: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in nonrespiratory specimens by Gen-Probe Amplified Mycobacterium Tuberculosis Direct Test. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 35(1): 307-310

Pfyffer, G.E.; Kissling, P.; Wirth, R.; Weber, R. 1994: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex in respiratory specimens by a target-amplified test system. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(4): 918-923

Forbes, B.A.; Hicks, K.E. 1993: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in respiratory specimens in a clinical laboratory by polymerase chain reaction. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(7): 1688-1694

Nolte, F.S.; Metchock, B.; McGowan, J.E.; Edwards, A.; Okwumabua, O.; Thurmond, C.; Mitchell, P.S.; Plikaytis, B.; Shinnick, T. 1993: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum by polymerase chain reaction and DNA hybridization. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 31(7): 1777-1782

Hoffner, S.E.; Norberg, R.; Carlos Toro, J.; Winqvist, N.; Koivula, T.; Dias, F.; Svenson, S.B.; Källenius, G. 1996: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in sputum samples from Guinea Bissau by an rRNA target-amplified test system. Tubercle and Lung Disease: the Official Journal of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease 77(1): 67-70

Alcantara-Payawal, D.E.; Matsumura, M.; Shiratori, Y.; Okudaira, T.; Gonzalez, R.; Lopez, R.A.; Sollano, J.D.; Omata, M. 1997: Direct detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis using polymerase chain reaction assay among patients with hepatic granuloma. Journal of Hepatology 27(4): 620-627

Chia, D.; Terasaki, P.; Chan, H.; Tonai, R.; Siauw, P.A. 1993: Direct detection of PCR products for HLA class II typing. Tissue Antigens 42(3): 146-149

Moncla, B.J.; Braham, P.H.; Persson, G.R.; Page, R.C.; Weinberg, A. 1994: Direct detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis in Macaca fascicularis dental plaque samples using an oligonucleotide probe. Journal of Periodontology 65(5): 398-403

Varela, P.; Pollevick, G.D.; Rivas, M.; Chinen, I.; Binsztein, N.; Frasch, A.C.; Ugalde, R.A. 1994: Direct detection of Vibrio cholerae in stool samples. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 32(5): 1246-1248

Noguchi, T.; Ono, T.A.; Inoue, Y. 1995: Direct detection of a carboxylate bridge between Mn and Ca-2+ in the photosynthetic oxygen-evolving center by means of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1228(2-3): 189-200

Windsor, S.; Taylor, S.A.; Lillicrap, D. 1994: Direct detection of a common inversion mutation in the genetic diagnosis of severe hemophilia a. Blood 84(7): 2202-2205

Kihara, T.; Sakata, S.; Ikeda, M. 1995: Direct detection of ascorbyl radical in experimental brain injury: Microdialysis and an electron spin resonance spectroscopic study. Journal of Neurochemistry 65(1): 282-286

Pellestor, F.; Quennesson, I.; Coignet, L.; Girardet, A.; Andréo, B.; Charlieu, J.P. 1996: Direct detection of disomy in human sperm by the PRINS technique. Human Genetics 97(1): 21-25

Khalid, M.A.; Ashraf, M. 1993: Direct detection of endogenous hydroxyl radical production in cultured adult cardiomyocytes during anoxia and reoxygenation. Is the hydroxyl radical really the most damaging radical species?. Circulation Research 72(4): 725-736

Sanpei, K.; Igarashi, S.; Eguchi, I.; Takiyama, Y.; Tanaka, H.; Tsuji, S. 1995: Direct detection of expanded (CAG/CTG) repeats in the myotonin-protein kinase genes of myotonic dystrophy patients using a high-stringency hybridization method. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 212(2): 341-346

Petronis, A.; Heng, H.H.; Tatuch, Y.; Shi, X.M.; Klempan, T.A.; Tsui, L.C.; Ashizawa, T.; Surh, L.C.; Holden, J.J.; Kennedy, J.L. 1996: Direct detection of expanded trinucleotide repeats using PCR and DNA hybridization techniques. American Journal of Medical Genetics 67(1): 85-91

Matsui, H.; Shiba, R.; Matsuzaki, Y.; Asaoka, H.; Hosoi, S.; Doi, M.; Ohno, T.; Tanaka, N.; Muto, H. 1997: Direct detection of hepatitis B virus gene integrated in the Alexander cell using fluorescence in situ polymerase chain reaction. Cancer Letters 116(2): 259-264

Kobayashi, K.; Takeda, A.; Green, S.; Tuazon, C.U.; Ennis, F.A. 1993: Direct detection of infectious human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) immune complexes in the sera of HIV-1-infected persons. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168(3): 729-732

De León, D.D.; Terry, C.; Nissley, S.P. 1994: Direct detection of insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II) by chemiluminescence without interference by IGF binding proteins. Endocrinology 134(4): 1960-1963

Khilko, S.N.; Corr, M.; Boyd, L.F.; Lees, A.; Inman, J.K.; Margulies, D.H. 1993: Direct detection of major histocompatibility complex class I binding to antigenic peptides using surface plasmon resonance. Peptide immobilization and characterization of binding specificity. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(21): 15425-15434

Wong, L.J.; Senadheera, D. 1997: Direct detection of multiple point mutations in mitochondrial DNA. Clinical Chemistry 43(10): 1857-1861

Rohlfs, E.M.; Learning, W.G.; Friedman, K.J.; Couch, F.J.; Weber, B.L.; Silverman, L.M. 1997: Direct detection of mutations in the breast and ovarian cancer susceptibility gene BRCA1 by PCR-mediated site-directed mutagenesis. Clinical Chemistry 43(1): 24-29

Rupert, J.L.; Brown, C.J.; Willard, H.F. 1995: Direct detection of non-random X chromosome inactivation by use of a transcribed polymorphism in the XIST gene. European Journal of Human Genetics: Ejhg 3(6): 333-343

Clerici, W.J.; Hensley, K.; DiMartino, D.L.; Butterfield, D.A. 1996: Direct detection of ototoxicant-induced reactive oxygen species generation in cochlear explants. Hearing Research 98(1-2): 116-124

Hlavac, F.; Connan, F.; Hoebeke, J.; Guillet, J.G.; Choppin, J. 1996: Direct detection of peptide-dependent HLA variability by surface plasmon resonance. Molecular Immunology 33(6): 573-582

Leone, G.; Van Schijndel, H.B.; Van Gemen, B.; Schoen, C.D. 1997: Direct detection of potato leafroll virus in potato tubers by immunocapture and the isothermal nucleic acid amplification method NASBA. Journal of Virological Methods 66(1): 19-27

Pane, F.; Buttò, S.; Gobbo, M.L.; Franco, M.; Butteroni, C.; Pastore, L.; Maiorano, G.; Foggia, M.; Cataldo, P.T.; Guarino, A. 1995: Direct detection of proviral gag segment of human immunodeficiency virus in peripheral blood lymphocytes by colorimetric PCR assay as a clinical laboratory tool applied to different at-risk populations. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(3): 641-647

Greenley, T.L.; Davies, M.J. 1994: Direct detection of radical generation in rat liver nuclei on treatment with tumour-promoting hydroperoxides and related compounds. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1226(1): 56-64

Mathieu, C.; Moreau, S.; Frendo, P.; Puppo, A.; Davies, M.J. 1998: Direct detection of radicals in intact soybean nodules: Presence of nitric oxide-leghemoglobin complexes. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 24(7-8): 1242-1249

Weinstein, H.; Reinhardt, C.P.; Leppo, J.A. 1998: Direct detection of regional myocardial ischemia with technetium-99m nitroimidazole in rabbits. Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication Society of Nuclear Medicine 39(4): 598-607

Steinmüller, J.; Schleiermacher, E.; Scherthan, H. 1993: Direct detection of repetitive, whole chromosome paint and telomere DNA probes by immunogold electron microscopy. Chromosome Research: An International Journal on the Molecular Supramolecular and Evolutionary Aspects of Chromosome Biology 1(1): 45-51

Osiowy, C. 1998: Direct detection of respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus, and adenovirus in clinical respiratory specimens by a multiplex reverse transcription-PCR assay. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 36(11): 3149-3154

Brennerova, M.V.; Crowley, D.E. 1994: Direct detection of rhizosphere-colonizing Pseudomonas sp. using an Escherichia coli rRNA promoter in a Tn7-lux system. FEMS Microbiology Ecology 14(4): 319-330

Macpherson, A.N.; Telfer, A.; Barber, J.; Truscott, T.G.orge 1993: Direct detection of singlet oxygen from isolated Photosystem II reaction centres. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1143(3): 301-309

Torlakovic, E.; Litz, C.E.; McClure, J.S.; Brunning, R.D. 1994: Direct detection of the Philadelphia chromosome in CD20-positive lymphocytes in chronic myeloid leukemia by tri-color immunophenotyping/FISH. Leukemia 8(11): 1940-1943

Saramet, A.; Dănilă, G.; Păduraru, I.; Petrariu, D.; Olinescu, R. 1996: Direct detection of the antioxidant activity of a new flavonic derivative using the chemiluminescence method. Arzneimittel-Forschung 46(5): 501-504

Kim, G.J.; Lee, S.G.; Park, J.H.; Kim, H.S. 1997: Direct detection of the hydantoinase activity on solid agar plates and electrophoretic acrylamide gels. Biotechnology Techniques 11(7): 511-513

Akira, K.; Taira, T.; Shinohara, Y. 1997: Direct detection of the internal acyl migration reactions of benzoic acid 1-O-acylglucuronide by 13C-labeling and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 37(4): 237-243

Boal, J.H.; Ludeman, S.M.; Ho, C.K.; Engel, J.; Niemeyer, U. 1994: Direct detection of the intracellular formation of carboxyphosphamides using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Arzneimittel-Forschung 44(1): 84-93

Torimitsu, K.; Niwa, O. 1998: Direct detection of uncaged glutamate and the laser photostimulation of cultured rat cortex. Neuroreport 9(4): 599-603

Ramotar, K.; Waldhart, B.; Church, D.; Szumski, R.; Louie, T.J. 1995: Direct detection of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli in stool samples by PCR. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 33(3): 519-524

Tambini, G.; Andrus, J.K.; Marques, E.; Boshell, J.; Pallansch, M.; de Quadros, C.A.; Kew, O. 1993: Direct detection of wild poliovirus circulation by stool surveys of healthy children and analysis of community wastewater. Journal of Infectious Diseases 168(6): 1510-1514

Hatanaka, H.; Yasui, Y.; Matsushita, S. 1994: Direct determination method of phthalic acid esters in vodka by HPLC. Journal of the Food Hygienic Society of Japan 35(1): 51-55

Zhou, F.X.; Krull, I.S.; Feibush, B. 1993: Direct determination of adamantanamine in plasma and urine with automated solid phase derivatization. Journal of Chromatography 619(1): 93-101

Schäppi, G.F.; Monn, C.; Wüthrich, B.; Wanner, H.U. 1996: Direct determination of allergens in ambient aerosols: methodological aspects. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 110(4): 364-370

Bean, K.A.; Henion, J.D. 1997: Direct determination of anabolic steroid conjugates in human urine by combined high-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications 690(1-2): 65-75

Hoeft, C.E.; Zollars, R.L. 1994: Direct determination of anionic surfactants using ion chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 17(12): 2691-2704

Gregoire, D.C.; Ballinas, M.D.L. 1997: Direct determination of arsenic in fresh and saline waters by electrothermal vaporization inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 52(1): 75-82

Poklis, A.; Jortani, S.; Edinboro, L.E.; Saady, J.J. 1994: Direct determination of benzoylecgonine in serum by EMIT d.a.u. cocaine metabolite immunoassay. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 18(7): 419-422

Sancho, J.V.; Hidalgo, C.; Hernandez, F. 1997: Direct determination of bromacil and diuron residues in environmental water samples by coupled-column liquid chromatography and large-volume injection. Journal of Chromatography A 761(1-2): 322-326

Hu, W.; Cao, S.A.; Tominaga, M.; Miyazaki, A. 1996: Direct determination of bromide ions in sea water by ion chromatography using water as the mobile phase. Analytica Chimica Acta 322(1-2): 43-47

Ostapczuk, P. 1992: Direct determination of cadmium and lead in whole blood by potentiometric stripping analysis. Clinical Chemistry 38(10): 1995-2001

Ruiz, C.; Alegria, A.; Barbera, R.; Farre, R.; Lagarda, M.J. 1995: Direct determination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and iron in infant formulas by atomic spectroscopy. Comparison with dry and wet digestions methods. Nahrung 39(5-6): 497-504

Fukuda; Ogawa; Nagata; Koike 1998: Direct determination of carbon and nitrogen contents of natural bacterial assemblages in marine environments. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64(9): 3352-3358

Ohgaku, S.; Asahi, T.; Kobayashi, M.; Obata, K.-Ichi 1996: Direct determination of concentrations of urinary type IV collagen in normal and diabetic subjects with a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA). Journal of the Japan Diabetes Society 39(7): 523-526

Jakob, G.; Mair, J.; Puschendorf, B. 1993: Direct determination of cyclic guanosine monophosphate in plasma. Clinical Chemistry 39(12): 2530-2531

Brenna, J.T.; Yeager, K.E. 1995: Direct determination of deuterium in untreated water and urine by NMR: application to DLW analysis. American Journal of Physiology 268(5 Part 1): E1018-E1026

Akira, K.; Shinohara, Y. 1996: Direct determination of diastereomeric 13C-labeled ketoprofen glucuronides in human urine by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analytica Chimica Acta 334(1-2): 67-74

Murillo Pulgarín, J.A.; Alañón Molina, A.; Fernández López, P. 1997: Direct determination of dipyridamole in serum. Analytical Biochemistry 245(1): 8-16

González, E.; Becerra, A.; Laserna, J.J. 1996: Direct determination of diuretic drugs in urine by capillary zone electrophoresis using fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications 687(1): 145-150

Neubert, R.; Collin, B.; Wartewig, S. 1997: Direct determination of drug content in semisolid formulations using step-scan FT-IR photoacoustic spectroscopy. Pharmaceutical Research 14(7): 946-948

Chicharro, M.; Zapardiel, A.; Bermejo, E.; Perez Lopez, J.A.; Hernandez, L. 1995: Direct determination of ephedrine alkaloids and epinephrine in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 18(7): 1363-1381

Chicharro, M.; Zapardiel, A.; Bermejo, E.; Perez, J.A.; Hernández, L. 1993: Direct determination of ephedrine and norephedrine in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography 622(1): 103-108

Iwata, T.; Hirose, T.; Yamaguchi, M. 1997: Direct determination of estriol 3- and 16-glucuronides in pregnancy urine by column-switching high-performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications 695(2): 201-207

Iwata, T.; Ishimaru, T.; Nakamura, M.; Yamaguchi, M. 1994: Direct determination of free phenylacetic acid in human plasma and urine by column-switching high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 8(6): 283-287

Pañak, K.C.; Ruiz, O.A.; Giorgieri, S.A.; Díaz, L.E. 1996: Direct determination of glutathione in human blood by micellar electrokinetic chromatography: simultaneous determination of lipoamide and lipoic acid. Electrophoresis 17(10): 1613-1616

Song, J.; Kang, X.; Hu, Y. 1993: Direct determination of hemolysin activity in antiserum by linear-sweep polarography. Analytical Letters 26(2): 223-231

Yergey, A.L.; Teffera, Y.; Esteban, N.V.; Abramson, F.P. 1995: Direct determination of human urinary cortisol metabolites by HPLC/CRIMS. Steroids 60(3): 295-298

Castillo, M.; Smith, P.C. 1993: Direct determination of ibuprofen and ibuprofen acyl glucuronide in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction. Journal of Chromatography 614(1): 109-116

Venkateswarlu, P.; Blackwell, J.A.; Jewell, K.; Kirsch, G.W. 1992: Direct determination of individual organic fluorine compounds by aluminum monofluoride molecular absorption spectrometry. Journal - Association of Official Analytical Chemists 75(4): 672-677

Qiu, J.; Song, J.; Gao, H. 1996: Direct determination of iron in ferritin using the polarographic catalytic current. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 356(1): 101-103

Schaffer, S.; Gareil, P.; Dezael, C.; Richard, D. 1996: Direct determination of iron(II), iron(III) and total iron as UV-absorbing complexes by capillary electrophoresis. Journal of Chromatography A 740(1): 151-157

Dorset, D.L. 1994: Direct determination of layer packing for a phospholipid solid solution at 0.32-nm resolution. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91(11): 4920-4924

Noble, C.O.; Hammond, J.L.; Beck, J.N.; Proffitt, C.E.; Sneddon, J. 1997: Direct determination of lead in smoke from burned crude oil by impaction graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Microchemical Journal 57(3): 361-369,.

Lima, E.C.; Krug, F.J.; Arruda, M.A.Z. 1998: Direct determination of lead in sweet fruit-flavored powder drinks by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 53(4): 601-611

Cocherie, A.; Negrel, P.; Roy, S.; Guerrot, C. 1998: Direct determination of lead isotope ratios in rainwater using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 13(9): 1069-1073

Magalhaes, C.E.C.; Krug, F.J.; Fostier, A.H.; Berndt, H. 1997: Direct determination of mercury in sediments by atomic absorption spectrometry. Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry 12(10): 1231-1234

Catalin, J.; Peloux, A.F.; Coloma, F.; Payet, B.; Lacarelle, B.; Cano, J.P.; Just-Landi, S. 1994: Direct determination of mitoxantrone in plasma by high performance liquid chromatography using an automatic precolumn-switching system as sample clean-up procedure. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 8(1): 37-41

Pulgarin, J.A.; Molina, A.A.; López, P.F. 1996: Direct determination of nalidixic acid in urine by matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. Talanta 43(3): 431-438

Ferioli, V.; Gamberini, G.; Rustichelli, C.; Vezzalini, F. 1994: Direct determination of non-UV-absorbing compounds by high-performance liquid chromatography. Farmaco 49(6): 411-413

Ionescu, P.; Eger, E.I.; Trudell, J. 1994: Direct determination of oil/saline partition coefficients. Anesthesia and Analgesia 79(6): 1056-1058

Shoyama, Y.; Fukada, T.; Tanaka, T.; Kusai, A.; Nojima, K. 1993: Direct determination of opium alkaloid-bovine serum albumin conjugate by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 16(10): 1051-1053

D.Q.ang, Z.; Zhe Ming, N.; Han Wen, S. 1997: Direct determination of parts-per-billion levels of germanium in botanical samples and coal fly ash by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry. Fresenius' Journal Of Analytical Chemistry. 358(5): 641-645

Aono, M.; Sakuraki, Y. 1996: Direct determination of phosphorus by atomic absorption spectrophotometry using electrodeless discharge lamp. Scientific Reports of the Faculty of Agriculture Meijo University 1996(32): 1-8

Iwata, R.; Hayashi, T.; Nakao, Y.; Yamaki, M.; Yoshimasa, T.; Ito, H.; Saito, Y.; Mukoyam, M.; Nakao, K. 1996: Direct determination of plasma endothelin-I by chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay. Clinical Chemistry 42(8 Pt 1): 1155-1158

Burke, R.A.; Hvizd, M.G.; Shockley, T.R. 1997: Direct determination of polyglucose metabolites in plasma using anion-exchange chromatography with pulsed amperometric detection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications 693(2): 353-357

Vargas, G.; Havel, J.; Hadasová, E. 1997: Direct determination of procainamide and N-acetylprocainamide by capillary zone electrophoresis in pharmaceutical formulations and urine. Journal of Chromatography A 772(1-2): 271-276

Espartero, A.G.; Pérez, J.A.; Zapardiel, A.; Bermejo, E.; Hernández, L. 1997: Direct determination of prolintane and its metabolite oxoprolintane in human urine by capillary zone electrophoresis and beta-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. a 778(1-2): 355-361

Wang, I Hsiung; Subramanian, V.; Moorman, R.; Burleson, J.; Ko, J. 1997: Direct determination of pyrethrins in pyrethrum extracts by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with diode-array detection. Journal of Chromatography A 766(1-2): 277-281

Murillo Pulgarin, J.A.; Alanon Molina, A. 1995: Direct determination of quinidine in urine. Analytica Chimica Acta 317(1-3): 359-364

Claassen, N.; Coetzer, H.; van Papendorp, D.H.; Kruger, M.C. 1995: Direct determination of saturable and non-saturable calcium uptake in the developing rat duodenum. Laboratory Animals 29(4): 438-441

Chen, W.K.; Yen, C.C.; Wei, B.L.; Hu, C.C.; Yu, J.J.; Chung, C.; Kuo, S.C. 1998: Direct determination of selenium in serum by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry using automated ultrasonic slurry sampling. Spectrochimica Acta Part B Atomic Spectroscopy 53(1): 131-138,. 23

Itoh, K.; Hayasaka, M.; Niizeki, M.; Nozaki, S.; Ishiwata, S.; Tomioka, Y.; Mizugaki, M. 1996: Direct determination of serum glycyrrhetic acid by a monoclonal antibody-based inhibition ELISA using ibuprofen for releasing serum albumin-bound glycyrrhetic acid. Journal of Immunoassay 17(4): 343-352

Kotiaho, T.; Gylling, S.; Lunding, A.; Lauritsen, F.R. 1995: Direct determination of styrene and tetrachloroethylene in olive oil by membrane inlet mass spectrometry. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 43(4): 928-930

Gemeiner, P.; Stefuca, V.; Welwardová, A.; Michálková, E.; Welward, L.; Kurillová, L.; Danielsson, B. 1993: Direct determination of the cephalosporin transforming activity of immobilized cells with use of an enzyme thermistor. 1. Verification of the mathematical model. Enzyme and Microbial Technology 15(1): 50-56

Barak, R.; Ordentlich, A.; Barak, D.; Fischer, M.; Benschop, H.P.; De Jong, L.P.; Segall, Y.; Velan, B.; Shafferman, A. 1997: Direct determination of the chemical composition of acetylcholinesterase phosphonylation products utilizing electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry. Febs Letters 407(3): 347-352

Chilmonczyk, Z.; Ksycinska, H.; Cybulski, J. 1995: Direct determination of the enantiomeric purity of (R)-(+)-aminoglutethimide and its main metabolite. Archiv der Pharmazie (Weinheim) 328(11-12): 745-749

Terefe, H.; Blaschke, G. 1994: Direct determination of the enantiomers of the antimalarial drug halofantrine and its active metabolite N-desbutylhalofantrine in human plasma. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications 657(1): 238-242

Thorgeirsson, T.E.; Russell, C.J.; King, D.S.; Shin, Y.K. 1996: Direct determination of the membrane affinities of individual amino acids. Biochemistry 35(6): 1803-1809

Zeng, W.; Zhang, H.Z.; Lee, T.C. 1996: Direct determination of the starch content in gravy by near-infrared spectroscopy. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry 44(6): 1460-1463

Hou, Y.; Tse, R.; Mahuran, D.J. 1996: Direct determination of the substrate specificity of the alpha-active site in heterodimeric beta-hexosaminidase A. Biochemistry 35(13): 3963-3969

Bermejo Barrera, P.; Soto Ferreiro, R.M.; Bermejo Barrera, A. 1993: Direct determination of tin in tap waters by electrothermal atomization atomic absorption spectroscopy. Fresenius' Journal Of Analytical Chemistry. 345(1): 60-62

Li, C.; Luo, Y.; Zhang, K.; Zhao, R. 1994: Direct determination of tin in water by oscillopolarography. Hua Xi Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 25(4): 460-462

Yokoi, K.; Yamaguchi, A.; Mizumachi, M.; Koide, T. 1995: Direct determination of trace concentrations of lead in fresh water samples by adsorptive cathodic stripping voltammetry of a lead-Calcein Blue complex. Analytica Chimica Acta 316(3): 363-369

Ge, Y.; Zhou, L.; Zhang, B.; Cai, H. 1998: Direct determination of trace lead in atmospheric particulate matter by graphite probe furnace atomic absorption spectrometry after collection with graphite probe filters. Huanjing Kexue 19(2): 77-79

Pulgarin, J.A.M.; Molina, A.A.; Lopez, P.F. 1996: Direct determination of triamterene in urine by matrix isopotential synchronous fluorescence spectrometry. Analytica Chimica Acta 326(1-3): 117-126

Jiang, G.B.; Adams, F.C. 1997: Direct determination of trimethylgermanium in water by on-column capillary gas chromatography with flame photometric detection using quartz surface-induced germination emission. Journal of Chromatography A 759(1-2): 119-125

Lukaszewski, Z.; Zembrzuski, W.; Piela, A. 1996: Direct determination of ultratraces of thallium in water by flow injection-differential-pulse anodic stripping voltammetry. Analytica Chimica Acta 318(2): 159-165

Haldimann, M.; Zimmerli, B.; Als, C.; Gerber, H. 1998: Direct determination of urinary iodine by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry using isotope dilution with iodine-129. Clinical Chemistry 44(4): 817-824

Hempel, G.; Blaschke, G. 1996: Direct determination of zolpidem and its main metabolites in urine using capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Applications 675(1): 131-137

Wake, D.B.; Hanken, J. 1996: Direct development in the lungless salamanders: what are the consequences for developmental biology, evolution and phylogenesis?. International Journal of Developmental Biology 40(4): 859-869

Patil, NS.; Kanamadi, RD. 1997: Direct development in the rhacophorid frog, Philautus variabilis (Gunther). Current Science 73(8): 697-701

Yau, S.C.; Roberts, R.G.; Bobrow, M.; Mathew, C.G. 1993: Direct diagnosis of carriers of point mutations in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Lancet 341(8840): 273-275

Shelbourne, P.; Davies, J.; Buxton, J.; Anvret, M.; Blennow, E.; Bonduelle, M.; Schmedding, E.; Glass, I.; Lindenbaum, R.; Lane, R. 1993: Direct diagnosis of myotonic dystrophy with a disease-specific DNA marker. New England Journal of Medicine 328(7): 471-475

Molteni, R. 1993: Direct digital dental X-ray imaging with Visualix/VIXA. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 76(2): 235-243

McDavid, W.D.; Dove, S.B.; Welander, U.; Tronje, G. 1992: Direct digital extraoral radiography of the head and neck with a solid-state linear x-ray detector. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 74(6): 811-817

Kullendorff, B.; Petersson, K.; Rohlin, M. 1997: Direct digital radiography for the detection of periapical bone lesions: A clinical study. Endodontics and Dental Traumatology 13(4): 183-189

Furkart, A.J.; Dove, S.B.; McDavid, W.D.; Nummikoski, P.; Matteson, S. 1992: Direct digital radiography for the detection of periodontal bone lesions. Oral Surgery Oral Medicine and Oral Pathology 74(5): 652-660

Igarashi, T.; Yamamoto, A.; Goto, N. 1996: Direct detection of Streptococcus mutans in human dental plaque by polymerase chain reaction. Oral Microbiology and Immunology 11(5): 294-298

Visser, M.; Sonneveld, R.D.; Willemze, R.; Landegent, J.E. 1996: Direct display of hematopoietic tyrosine kinase receptor expression profiles in KG1 cells by PCR using degenerate primers. Leukemia 10(8): 1395-1399

Edison, S.A.; Maier, M.; Kohler, B.; Schlauch, D.; Buttmann, A.; Gauer, E.; Riemann, J.F. 1993: Direct dissolution of gallstones with methyl tert-butyl ether by endoscopic cannulation of the gallbladder. American Journal of Gastroenterology 88(8): 1242-1248

Jaffar-Bandjee, M.C.; Carrere, J.; Lazdunski, A.; Guy-Crotte, O.; Galabert, C. 1993: Direct double antibody sandwich immunoassay for Pseudomonas aeruginosa elastase. Journal of Immunological Methods 164(1): 27-32

Montserrat, C.; Hollande, E.; Guy-Crotte, O.; Figarella, C. 1995: Direct double antibody sandwich immunoassay of mucin M1 epitopes in human mucus secreting pancreatic cell lines. Clinica Chimica Acta; International Journal of Clinical Chemistry 243(1): 43-52

Porquet, D.; Rigal, O.; Brion, D.E.; Valade, F.; Leger, J.; Czernichow, P. 1992: Direct double monoclonal immunoradiometric assay of urinary human growth hormone. Clinical Chemistry 38(9): 1717-1721

Singson, A.; Leviten, M.W.; Bang, A.G.; Hua, X.H.; Posakony, J.W. 1994: Direct downstream targets of proneural activators in the imaginal disc include genes involved in lateral inhibitory signaling. Genes and Development 8(17): 2058-2071

Fischer, R.A.; Kono, Y.; Howe, G.N. 1994: Direct drilling effects on early growth of wheat: Studies in intact soil cores. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 34(2): 223-227

Sakane, T.; Akizuki, M.; Yamashita, S.; Sezaki, H.; Nadai, T. 1994: Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the dissociation of the drug. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 46(5): 378-379

Sakane, T.; Akizuki, M.; Taki, Y.; Yamashita, S.; Sezaki, H.; Nadai, T. 1995: Direct drug transport from the rat nasal cavity to the cerebrospinal fluid: The relation to the molecular weight of drugs. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 47(5): 379-381

Gerritsen, K.G.; van den Bogert, A.J.; Nigg, B.M. 1995: Direct dynamics simulation of the impact phase in heel-toe running. Journal of Biomechanics 28(6): 661-668

Howell, J.M.; Fletcher, S.; O'hara, A.; Johnsen, R.D.; Lloyd, F.; Kakulas, B.A. 1998: Direct dystrophin and reporter gene transfer into dog muscle in vivo. Muscle and Nerve 21(2): 159-165

Scorziello, A.; Landolfi, E.; Grimaldi, M.; Meucci, O.; Ventra, C.; Avallone, A.; Postiglione, A.; Schettini, G. 1993: Direct effect of adenosine on prolactin secretion at the level of the single rat lactotroph: involvement of pertussis toxin-sensitive and -insensitive transducing mechanisms. Journal of Molecular Endocrinology 11(3): 325-334

Borysewicz, R.; Ren, K.J.; Mokotoff, M.; Lee, P.C. 1992: Direct effect of bombesin on pancreatic and gastric growth in suckling rats. Regulatory Peptides 41(2): 157-169

Sato, K.; Kusaka, Y.; Okada, K. 1995: Direct effect of cadmium on citrate uptake by isolated rat renal brush border membrane vesicles. Toxicology Letters 80(1-3): 161-165

Giraud, P.; Audran, M.; Rohmer, V.; Jallet, P.; Basle, M.F.; Bregeon, C.; Bigorgne, J.C. 1995: Direct effect of calcitriol on the regulation of parathyroid hormone secretion in a case of Pseudo-hypoparathyroidism (A 24-month follow-up study). Clinical Rheumatology 14(3): 287-291

Ritchie, C.K.; Maercklein, P.B.; Fitzpatrick, L.A. 1994: Direct effect of calcium channel antagonists on osteoclast function: alterations in bone resorption and intracellular calcium concentrations. Endocrinology 135(3): 996-1003

García-Ruiz, C.; Colell, A.; Marí, M.; Morales, A.; Fernández-Checa, J.C. 1997: Direct effect of ceramide on the mitochondrial electron transport chain leads to generation of reactive oxygen species. Role of mitochondrial glutathione. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(17): 11369-11377

Tsai, H.Y.; Jeng, J.J.; Chen, Y.F. 1995: Direct effect of cromolyn sodium on histaminergic receptor in isolated rabbit aortas. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal 47(4): 331-336

Satoh, A. 1994: Direct effect of cyclosporin A on rat kidney in terms of renal enzyme release. Pharmacometrics 48(5): 315-320

Taguchi, M.; Kubota, T.; Aso, T. 1995: Direct effect of danazol on the DNA synthesis and ultrastructure of human cultured endometrial stromal cells. Gynecologic and Obstetric Investigation 39(3): 192-196

Romero, R.; Novoa, D.; Otero, S.; Alonso, M.C.; Alonso, R.; Arcocha, V.; Arza, D.; Lens, X.M.; Sanchez-Guisande, D. 1993: Direct effect of deferoxamine on hemoglobin synthesis in patients on hemodialysis treated with recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephron 63(2): 164-167

John, R.M.; Taggart, P.I.; Sutton, P.M.; Ell, P.J.; Swanton, H. 1992: Direct effect of dobutamine on action potential duration in ischemic compared with normal areas in the human ventricle. Journal of the American College of Cardiology 20(4): 896-903

Ammarguellat, F.; Gogusev, J.; Drüeke, T.B. 1996: Direct effect of erythropoietin on rat vascular smooth-muscle cell via a putative erythropoietin receptor. Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation: Official Publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 11(4): 687-692

Tang, B.; Gurpide, E. 1993: Direct effect of gonadotropins on decidualization of human endometrial stroma cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 47(1-6): 115-121

Pettersson, L.; Frithz, G.; Ronquist, G. 1994: Direct effect of insulin on 45calcium uptake in human erythrocytes. Journal of Internal Medicine 236(2): 197-201

Haddad, S.; Petenusci, S.O.; Carvalho, T.L. 1996: Direct effect of low-intensity pulsed ultrasound on pubertal rat seminal vesicle. Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry 104(3): 357-359

Almaden, Y.; Canalejo, A.; Hernandez, A.; Ballesteros, E.; Garcia-Navarro, S.; Torres, A.; Rodriguez, M. 1996: Direct effect of phosphorus on PTH secretion from whole rat parathyroid glands in vitro. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research: the Official Journal of the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research 11(7): 970-976

Wood, S.C.; Jeong, H.G.; Morris, D.L.; Holsapple, M.P. 1993: Direct effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on human tonsillar lymphocytes. Toxicology 81(2): 131-143

Morris, D.L.; Karras, J.G.; Holsapple, M.P. 1993: Direct effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on responses to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by isolated murine B-cells. Immunopharmacology 26(2): 105-112

Leary, S.C.; Barton, K.N.; Ballantyne, J.S. 1996: Direct effects of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine and 3,5-diiodothyronine on mitochondrial metabolism in the goldfish Carassius auratus. General and Comparative Endocrinology 104(1): 61-66

Fatkin, D.; Loupas, T.; Feneley, M.P. 1997: Direct effects of DC cardioversion on blood echogenicity: An in vitro study. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 23(1): 135-142

Walker, J.D.; Crawford, F.A.; Mukherjee, R.; Zile, M.R.; Spinale, F.G. 1994: Direct effects of acute administration of 3, 5, 3' triiodo-L-thyronine on myocyte function. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 58(3): 851-856

Kuzuo, H.; Honda, M.; Tanaka, K.; Kuramochi, T.; Morioka, S.; Takabatake, T.; Yamori, Y. 1995: Direct effects of angiotensin I, angiotensin II, an ACE inhibitor and a serine proteinase inhibitor on cultured heart cells from spontaneously hypertensive rats. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 22(2): 82-86

Chu, C.A.; Sindelar, D.K.; Neal, D.W.; Cherrington, A.D. 1996: Direct effects of catecholamines on hepatic glucose production in conscious dog are due to glycogenolysis. American Journal of Physiology 271(1 Pt 1): E127-E137

Kapas, S.; Hagi-Pavli, E.; Brown, D.W.; Chhajlani, V.; Farthing, P.M. 1998: Direct effects of corticotrophin on oral keratinocyte cell proliferation. European Journal of Biochemistry 256(1): 75-79

Raza, J.; Massoud, A.F.; Hindmarsh, P.C.; Robinson, I.C.; Brook, C.G. 1998: Direct effects of corticotrophin-releasing hormone on stimulated growth hormone secretion. Clinical Endocrinology 48(2): 217-222

Takahashi, K.; Nakanishi, S.; Imamura, S. 1993: Direct effects of cutaneous neuropeptides on adenylyl cyclase activity and proliferation in a keratinocyte cell line: Stimulation of cyclic AMP formation by CGRP and VIP/PHM, and inhibition by NPY through G protein-coupled receptors. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 101(5): 646-651

Hardiman, O.; Sklar, R.M.; Brown, R.H. 1993: Direct effects of cyclosporin a and cyclophosphamide on differentiation of normal human myoblasts in culture. Neurology 43(7): 1432-1434

Grimmsmann, T.; Rustenbeck, I. 1998: Direct effects of diazoxide on mitochondria in pancreatic B-cells and on isolated liver mitoc. British Journal of Pharmacology 123(5): 781-788

Riedel, M.; Muegge, A. 1994: Direct effects of estrogens on the vascular tone: Characterization and clinical importance. Zeitschrift fuer Kardiologie 83(10): 768-774

Introna, R.P.; Bridges, M.T.; Yodlowski, E.H.; Grover, T.E.; Pruett, J.K. 1995: Direct effects of fentanyl on canine coronary artery rings. Life Sciences 56(15): 1265-1273

Shaw, A.A.; Cadet, J. 1996: Direct effects of gamma-radiation on 2'-deoxycytidine in frozen aqueous solution. International Journal of Radiation Biology 70(1): 1-6

Uemura, T.; Namiki, T.; Kimura, A.; Yanagisawa, T.; Minaguchi, H. 1994: Direct effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone on the ovary in rats and humans. Hormone Research 41(Suppl): 7-13

Palmisano, B.W.; Mehner, R.W.; Baker, J.E.; Stowe, D.F.; Bosnjak, Z.J.; Kampine, J.P. 1995: Direct effects of halothane and isoflurane in infant rabbit hearts with right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to chronic hypoxemia. Anesthesia and Analgesia 80(6): 1122-1128

Crystal, G.J.; Khoury, E.; Gurevicius, J.; Salem, M.R. 1995: Direct effects of halothane on coronary blood flow, myocardial oxygen consumption, and myocardial segmental shortening in in situ canine hearts. Anesthesia and Analgesia 80(2): 256-262

Castillo, C.; Ibarra, M.; Terron, J., A.; Villalon, C., M.; Hong, E. 1994: Direct effects of indorenate and 8-OH-DPAT on the blood pressure of pithed rats. Drug Development Research 33(1): 20-25

Lindeman, K.S.; Aryana, A.; Hirshman, C.A. 1995: Direct effects of inhaled nitric oxide on canine peripheral airways. Journal of Applied Physiology 78(5): 1898-1903

Clerici, W.J.; Yang, L. 1996: Direct effects of intraperilymphatic reactive oxygen species generation on cochlear function. Hearing Research 101(1-2): 14-22

Rich, G.F.; Roos, C.M.; Anderson, S.M.; Daugherty, M.O.; Uncles, D.R. 1994: Direct effects of intravenous anesthetics on pulmonary vascular resistance in the isolated rat lung. Anesthesia and Analgesia 78(5): 961-966

Collins, L.C.; Roberts, A.M.; Robinson, T.W.; Joshua, I.G. 1996: Direct effects of meconium on rat tracheal smooth muscle tension in vitro. Pediatric Research 40(4): 587-591

Loomer, P.M.; Sigusch, B.; Sukhu, B.; Ellen, R.P.; Tenenbaum, H.C. 1994: Direct effects of metabolic products and sonicated extracts of Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561 on osteogenesis in vitro. Infection and Immunity 62(4): 1289-1297

Contractor, A.; Gereau, R.W.; Green, T.; Heinemann, S.F. 1998: Direct effects of metabotropic glutamate receptor compounds on native and recombinant N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95(15): 8969-8974

Sharma, R.; Sharma, M.; Li, J.Z.; McCarthy, E.T.; Savin, V.J. 1997: Direct effects of platelet-activating factor on glomerular capillary permeability. Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 20(1): 25-30

Uhler, M.L.; Leung, A.; Chan, S.Y.; Wang, C. 1992: Direct effects of progesterone and antiprogesterone on human sperm hyperactivated motility and acrosome reaction. Fertility and Sterility 58(6): 1191-1198

Introna, R.P.; Pruett, J.K.; Yodlowski, E.H.; Grover, E. 1993: Direct effects of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) on canine coronary artery ring tension. General Pharmacology 24(2): 497-502

Ismail, E.F.; Kim, S.J.; Salem, M.R.; Crystal, G.J. 1992: Direct effects of propofol on myocardial contractility in in situ canine hearts. Anesthesiology 77(5): 964-972

Lee, Sang Chul 1992: Direct effects of propofol on the left ventricular papillary muscles of rats compared with other intravenous induction agents. Seoul Journal of Medicine 33(2): 153-160

Hird, R.B.; Wakefield, T.W.; Mukherjee, R.; Jones, B.U.; Crawford, F.A.; Andrews, P.C.; Stanley, J.C.; Spinale, F.G. 1995: Direct effects of protamine sulfate on myocyte contractile processes. Cellular and molecular mechanisms. Circulation 92(9): II433-II446

Clerici, W.J.; DiMartino, D.L.; Prasad, M.R. 1995: Direct effects of reactive oxygen species on cochlear outer hair cell shape in vitro. Hearing Research 84(1-2): 30-40

Iida, H.; Watanabe, Y.; Dohi, S.; Ishiyama, T. 1997: Direct effects of ropivacaine and bupivacaine on spinal pial vessels in canine. Assessment with closed spinal window technique. Anesthesiology 87(1): 75-81

Ramachers, U.; Amon, U.; Wolff, H.H. 1994: Direct effects of second-generation H1-receptor antagonists on the activation of human basophils. Agents and Actions 41 Spec No: C45-C46

Bank, A.J.; Wilson, R.F.; Kubo, S.H.; Holte, J.E.; Dresing, T.J.; Wang, H. 1995: Direct effects of smooth muscle relaxation and contraction on in vivo human brachial artery elastic properties. Circulation Research 77(5): 1008-1016

Yumi, K.; Fagin, J.A.; Yamashita, M.; Fishbein, M.C.; Shah, P.K.; Kaul, S.; Niu, W.; Nilsson, J.; Cercek, B. 1997: Direct effects of somatostatin analog octreotide on insulin-like growth factor-I in the arterial wall. Laboratory Investigation; A Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology 76(3): 329-338

Corsini, A.; Pazzucconi, F.; Arnaboldi, L.; Pfister, P.; Fumagalli, R.; Paoletti, R.; Sirtori, C.R. 1998: Direct effects of statins on the vascular wall. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 31(5): 773-778

Mori, T.; Cui, L.; Kato, K.; Takahashi, S.; Imaida, K.; Iwasaki, S.; Ito, N.; Shirai, T. 1996: Direct effects of testosterone, dihydrotestosterone and estrogen on 3,2'-dimethyl-4-aminobiphenyl-induced prostate carcinogenesis in castrated F344 rats. Japanese Journal of Cancer Research: Gann 87(6): 570-574

Niedziela, M.; Lerchl, A.; Nieschlag, E. 1995: Direct effects of the pineal hormone melatonin on testosterone synthesis of Leydig cells in Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus) in vitro. Neuroscience Letters 201(3): 247-250

Hird, R.B.; Crawford, F.A.; Mukherjee, R.; Spinale, F.G. 1995: Direct effects of thrombin on myocyte contractile function. Annals of Thoracic Surgery 59(2): 288-293

Schwartz, Z.; Bonewald, L.F.; Caulfield, K.; Brooks, B.; Boyan, B.D. 1993: Direct effects of transforming growth factor-beta on chondrocytes are modulated by vitamin D metabolites in a cell maturation-specific manner. Endocrinology 132(4): 1544-1552

Mortensen, B.M.; Lund, H.W.; Jablonski, G.; Paulssen, R.H.; Gordeladze, J.O. 1995: Direct effects of vitamin D3 analogues on G-protein mediated signalling systems in rat osteosarcoma cells and rat pituitary adenoma cells. Bioscience Reports 15(3): 135-150

Shipley, B.E.; Colwill, R.M. 1996: Direct effects on instrumental performance of outcome revaluation by drive shifts. Animal Learning and Behavior 24(1): 57-67

Mangina, C.A.; Beuzeron-Mangina, J.H. 1996: Direct electrical stimulation of specific human brain structures and bilateral electrodermal activity. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology 22(1-2): 1-8

Wollenberger, U.; Drungiliene, A.; Stoecklein, W.; Kulys, J.J.; Scheller, F.W. 1996: Direct electrocatalytic determination of dissolved peroxidases. Analytica Chimica Acta 329(3): 231-237

Christie, I.; Leeds, S.; Baker, M.; Keedy, F.; Vadgama, P. 1993: Direct electrochemical determination of paracetamol in plasma. Analytica Chimica Acta 272(1): 145-150

Ferri, T.; Poscia, A.; Ascoli, F.; Santucci, R. 1996: Direct electrochemical evidence for an equilibrium intermediate in the guanidine-induced unfolding of cytochrome c. Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta 1298(1): 102-108

Trevin, S.; Andre, S.; Devynck, J.; Boucher, J.-Luc; Bedioui, F. 1997: Direct electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide production by cytochrome P450-catalyzed oxidation of N,N'-substituted hydroxyguanidines. Analytical Communications 34(2): 69-71

Malinski, T.; Radomski, M.W.; Taha, Z.; Moncada, S. 1993: Direct electrochemical measurement of nitric oxide released from human platelets. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 194(2): 960-965

Ye, B.; Zhou, X. 1997: Direct electrochemical redox of tyrosinase at silver electrodes. Talanta 44(5): 831-836

Aliverti, A.; Hagen, W.R.; Zanetti, G. 1995: Direct electrochemistry and EPR spectroscopy of spinach ferredoxin mutants with modified electron transfer properties. Febs Letters 368(2): 220-224

Butt, J.N.; Filipiak, M.; Hagen, W.R. 1997: Direct electrochemistry of Megasphaera elsdenii iron hydrogenase. Definition of the enzyme's catalytic operating potential and quantitation of the catalytic behaviour over a continuous potential range. European Journal of Biochemistry 245(1): 116-122

Chattopadhyay, K.; Mazumdar, S. 1997: Direct electrochemistry of heme undecapeptide in aqueous surfactant solutions: The effect of hydrophobicity and axial ligation on redox potential of heme. Current Science 73(1): 65-68

Ye, B.; Zhou, X. 1996: Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin at a bare silver electrode promoted by cetyl pyridinium chloride and its applications in analysis. Electroanalysis 8(12): 1165-1168

Zhang, S.; Sun, W.L.; Zhang, W.; Jin, L.T.; Yamamoto, K.; Tao, S.; Jin, J. 1998: Direct electrochemistry of hemoglobin at silver electrode modified by lipoic acid monolayer. Analytical Letters 31(13): 2159-2171

Ferri, T.; Poscia, A.; Santucci, R. 1998: Direct electrochemistry of membrane-entrapped horseradish peroxidase. Part I. A voltammetric and spectroscopic study. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 44(2): 177-181

Ferri, T.; Poscia, A.; Santucci, R. 1998: Direct electrochemistry of membrane-entrapped horseradish peroxidase. Part II: Amperometric detection of hydrogen peroxide. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 45(2): 221-226

Barber, M.J.; Trimboli, A.J.; Nomikos, S.; Smith, E.T. 1997: Direct electrochemistry of the flavin domain of assimilatory nitrate reductase: effects of NAD+ and NAD+ analogs. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 345(1): 88-96

Kazlauskaite, J.; Hill, H.A.; Wilkins, P.C.; Dalton, H. 1996: Direct electrochemistry of the hydroxylase of soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylococcus capsulatus (Bath). European Journal of Biochemistry 241(2): 552-556

Salamon, Z.; Gleason, F.K.; Tollin, G. 1992: Direct electrochemistry of thioredoxins and glutathione at a lipid bilayer-modified electrode. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 299(1): 193-198

Demuth, J.; Neve, H.; Witzel, K.P. 1993: Direct electron microscopy study on the morphological diversity of bacteriophage populations in lake plusssee. Applied and Environmental Microbiology 59(10): 3378-3384

Schlereth, D.D.; Fernandez, V.M.; Sanchez Cruz, M.; Popov, V.O. 1992: Direct electron transfer between Alcaligenes eutrophus Z-1 hydrogenase and glassy carbon electrodes. Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics 28(3): 473-482

McNeil, C.J.; Athey, D.; Ho, W.O. 1995: Direct electron transfer bioelectronic interfaces: application to clinical analysis. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 10(1-2): 75-83

Varfolomeev, S.D.; Kurochkin, I.N.; Yaropolov, A.I. 1996: Direct electron transfer effect biosensors. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 11(9): 863-871

Iwasaki, Y.zuru; Suzuki, Masayasu; Takeuchi, Toshifumi; Tamiya, Eiichi; Karube, Isao; Nishiyama, Makoto; Horinouchi, Sueharu; Beppu, Teruhiko; Kadoi, Hideo 1992: Direct electron transfer reaction of a blue protein from Alcaligenes faecalis strain 6. Electroanalysis 4(8): 765-770

Wen, Z.; Ye, B.; Zhou, X. 1997: Direct electron transfer reaction of glucose oxidase at bare silver electrodes and its application in analysis. Electroanalysis 9(8): 641-652

Miyake, M.; Asada, Y. 1997: Direct electroporation of clostridial hydrogenase into cyanobacterial cells. Biotechnology Techniques 11(11): 787-790,.

Zaghmout, Ousama M Faiz 1993: Direct electroporation of plasmid DNA into wheat intact cells of embryogenic callus. Cereal Research Communications 21(4): 301-308

Matzel, K.E.; Stadelmaier, U.; Gall, F.P. 1995: Direct electrostimulation of the sacral spinal nerves in diagnosis of anorectal function. Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie 380(3): 184-188

Aboul-Enein, H.Y.; Serignese, V. 1997: Direct enantiomeric separation of cathinone and one major metabolite on cellobiohydrolase (CBH-I) chiral stationary phase. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 11(1): 47-49

Rosell, G.; Camacho, A.; Parra, P. 1993: Direct enantiomeric separation of cis-racemic-diltiazem in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with ovomucoid column. Journal of Chromatography Biomedical Applications 619(1): 87-92

Aboul Enein, H.Y.; Bakr, S.A.; Nicholls, P.J. 1994: Direct enantiomeric separation of phenglutarimide by chiral high performance liquid chromatography. Journal of Liquid Chromatography 17(5): 1105-1110

Han, S.M. 1997: Direct enantiomeric separations by high performance liquid chromatography using cyclodextrins. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 11(5): 259-271

Selditz, U.; Liao, Y.; Franke, J.P.; de Zeeuw, R.A.; Wikström, H. 1998: Direct enantiomeric separation of mianserin and 6-azamianserin derivatives using chiral stationary phases. Journal of Chromatography A 803(1-2): 169-177

Aboul-Enein, H.Y.; Serignese, V. 1994: Direct enantioselective separation of bevantolol by high-performance liquid chromatography on normal and reverse cellulose chiral stationary phases. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 8(1): 22-25

Abou-Basha, L.I.; Aboul-Enein, H.Y. 1996: Direct enantioselective separation of clenbuterol by chiral HPLC in biological fluids. Biomedical Chromatography: Bmc 10(2): 69-72

Bhushan, R.; Thiongo, G.T. 1998: Direct enantioseparation of some beta-adrenergic blocking agents using impregnated thin-layer chromatography. Journal of Chromatography. B, Biomedical Sciences and Applications 708(1-2): 330-334

Kofahl, B.; Henke, D.; Mutschler, E. 1993: Direct enantiospecific HPLC bioanalysis of (R,S)-atenolol on a chiral stationary phase. Chirality 5(6): 479-482

Kim, S.Y.; Suh, J.H. 1997: Direct endovascular thrombolytic therapy for dural sinus thrombosis: infusion of alteplase. Ajnr. American Journal of Neuroradiology 18(4): 639-645

Hess, S.; Visscher, K.; Ulander, J.; Pullerits, T.; Jones, M.R.; Hunter, C.N.; Sundström, V. 1993: Direct energy transfer from the peripheral LH2 antenna to the reaction center in a mutant of Rhodobacter sphaeroides that lacks the core LH1 antenna. Biochemistry 32(39): 10314-10322

Plager, D.A.; Nelsestuen, G.L. 1994: Direct enthalpy measurements of factor X and prothrombin association with small and large unilamellar vesicles. Biochemistry 33(22): 7005-7013

Plager, D.A.; Nelsestuen, G.L. 1994: Direct enthalpy measurements of the calcium-dependent interaction of annexins V and VI with phospholipid vesicles. Biochemistry 33(45): 13239-13249

Martini, A.; Ciani, M.; Scorzetti, G. 1996: Direct enumeration and isolation of wine yeast from grape surfaces. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 47(4): 435-440

Largo, D., B.; Fukami, K.; Adachi, M.; Nishijima, T. 1997: Direct enumeration of bacteria from macroalgae by epifluorescence microscopy as applied to the fleshy red algae Kappaphycus alvarezii and Gracilaria spp. (Rhodophyta). Journal of Phycology 33(3): 554-557

Braux, A.S.; Minet, J.; Tamanai Shacoori, Z.; Riou, G.; Cormier, M. 1997: Direct enumeration of injured Escherichia coli cells harvested onto membrane filters. Journal of Microbiological Methods 31(1-2): 1-8,.

Matsui, A.; Kasano, Y.; Yamauchi, Y.; Momoya, T.; Shimada, T.; Ishikawa, T.; Abukawa, D.; Kimura, A.; Adachi, K.; Tazuke, Y. 1996: Direct enzymatic assay of urinary sulfated bile acids to replace serum bilirubin testing for selective screening of neonatal cholestasis. Journal of Pediatrics 129(2): 306-308

Haug, C.; Koenig, W.; Hoeher, M.; Kochs, M.; Hombach, V.; Gruenert, A.; Osterhues, H. 1998: Direct enzyme immunometric measurement of plasma big endothelin-i concentrations and correlation with indicators of left ventricular function. Clinical Chemistry 44(2): 239-243

Collins, A.R.; Duthie, S.J.; Dobson, V.L. 1993: Direct enzymic detection of endogenous oxidative base damage in human lymphocyte DNA. Carcinogenesis 14(9): 1733-1735

Bellwood, D.R. 1995: Direct estimate of bioerosion by tow parrotfish species, Chlorurus gibbus and C. sordidus, on the Great Barrier Reef, Australia. Marine Biology (Berlin) 121(3): 419-429

Iarc-Study-Group-On-Cancer-Risk-Among-Nuclear-Industry-Workers 1994: Direct estimates of cancer mortality due to low doses of ionising radiation: An international study. Lancet (North American Edition) 344(8929): 1039-1043

Myers, R.A.; Hoenig, J.M. 1997: Direct estimates of gear selectivity from multiple tagging experiments. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 54(1): 1-9

Mattson, N.S. 1994: Direct estimates of multi-mesh gillnet selectivity to Oreochromis shiranus chilwae. Journal of Fish Biology 45(6): 997-1012

Jensen, J.W.; Hesthagen, T. 1996: Direct estimates of the selectivity of a multimesh and a series of single gillnets for brown trout. Journal of Fish Biology 49(1): 33-40

Maltseva, T.V.; Yamakage, S.I.; Agback, P.; Chattopadhyaya, J. 1993: Direct estimation of base-pair exchange kinetics in oligo-DNA by a combination of NOESY and ROESY experiments. Nucleic Acids Research 21(18): 4288-4295

Mcshane, P.E.; Naylor, J.R.yn 1997: Direct estimation of natural mortality of the New Zealand abalone, Haliotis iris. New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31(1): 135-137

Bagger, P.V. 1993: Direct estimation of volumes in ovarian follicles using the nucleator. Apmis: Acta Pathologica Microbiologica et Immunologica Scandinavica 101(10): 784-790

Anouar, Y.; Duval, J. 1992: Direct estradiol down-regulation of secretogranin II and chromogranin A mRNA levels in rat pituitary cells. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology 88(1-3): 97-104

de Rege, P.J.; Williams, S.A.; Therien, M.J. 1995: Direct evaluation of electronic coupling mediated by hydrogen bonds: Implications for biological electron transfer. Science 269(5229): 1409-1413

Bogush, T.; Smirnova, G.; Shubina, I.; Syrkin, A.; Robert, J. 1995: Direct evaluation of intracellular accumulation of free and polymer-bound anthracyclines. Cancer ChemoTherapy and Pharmacology 35(6): 501-505

Yano, Y.kio; Yokoyama, Kenji; Tamiya, Eichi; Karube, Isao 1996: Direct evaluation of meat spoilage and the progress of aging using biosensors. Analytica Chimica Acta 320(2-3): 269-276

Kyoizumi, S.; Mccune, J.M.; Namikawa, R. 1994: Direct evaluation of radiation damage in human hematopoietic progenitor cells in vivo. Radiation Research 137(1): 76-83

Yamazaki, Y.; Kageyama, Y.; Okuno, H. 1995: Direct evaluation of stereoselectivity of cancer esterases by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis coupled with activity staining with chiral naphthyl esters. Analytical Biochemistry 231(2): 295-300

Haugejorden, O.; Nord, A.; Klock, K.S. 1997: Direct evidence concerning the 'major role' of fluoride dentifrices in the caries decline. A 6-year analytical cohort study. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica 55(3): 173-180

Rink, S.M.; Hopkins, P.B. 1995: Direct evidence for DNA intrastrand cross-linking by the nitrogen mustard mechlorethamine in synthetic oligonucleotides. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 5(23): 2845-2850

Li, X.; Wang, H.; Seeman, N.C. 1997: Direct evidence for Holliday junction crossover isomerization. Biochemistry 36(14): 4240-4247

Fritze, C.E.; Verschueren, K.; Strich, R.; Easton Esposito, R. 1997: Direct evidence for SIR2 modulation of chromatin structure in yeast rDNA. EMBO Journal 16(21): 6495-6509

O'Gara, J.P.; Dunican, L.K. 1994: Direct evidence for a constitutive internal promoter in the tryptophan operon of Corynebacterium glutamicum. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 203(2): 820-827

Ernst, S.; Rhomberg, A.J.; Biemann, K.; Sasisekharan, R. 1998: Direct evidence for a predominantly exolytic processive mechanism for depolymerization of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans by heparinase I. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 95(8): 4182-4187

Tokuyama, S.; Wakabayashi, H.; Ho, I.K. 1996: Direct evidence for a role of glutamate in the expression of the opioid withdrawal syndrome. European Journal of Pharmacology 295(2-3): 123-129

Kinlaw, W.B.; Church, J.L.; Harmon, J.; Mariash, C.N. 1995: Direct evidence for a role of the "spot 14" protein in the regulation of lipid synthesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 270(28): 16615-16618

Fischer, A.R.; Rosenberg, M.A.; Lilly, C.M.; Callery, J.C.; Rubin, P.; Cohn, J.; White, M.V.; Igarashi, Y.; Kaliner, M.A.; Drazen, J.M. 1994: Direct evidence for a role of the mast cell in the nasal response to aspirin in aspirin-sensitive asthma. Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 94(6 Pt 1): 1046-1056

Shen, R.; Yu, C.; Ma, Q.; Li, S. 1997: Direct evidence for a soluble methane monooxygenase from type I methanotrophic bacteria: purification and properties of a soluble methane monooxygenase from Methylomonas sp. GYJ3. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 345(2): 223-229

Yi, Q.; Baker, D. 1996: Direct evidence for a two-state protein unfolding transition from hydrogen-deuterium exchange, mass spectrometry, and NMR. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 5(6): 1060-1066

Mort, J.S.; Dodge, G.R.; Roughley, P.J.; Liu, J.; Finch, S.J.; DiPasquale, G.; Poole, A.R. 1993: Direct evidence for active metalloproteinases mediating matrix degradation in interleukin 1-stimulated human articular cartilage. Matrix 13(2): 95-102

Lewis, P.J.; Errington, J. 1997: Direct evidence for active segregation of oriC regions of the Bacillus subtilis chromosome and co-localization with the SpoOJ partitioning protein. Molecular Microbiology 25(5): 945-954

Maletínská, L.; Slaninová, J.; Kunes, J.; Zelezná, B. 1998: Direct evidence for an angiotensin AT1 receptor type in rat vas deferens. European Journal of Pharmacology 351(3): 371-375

Huang, C.; Ma, W.y.; Ding, M.; Bowden, G.T.; Dong, Z. 1997: Direct evidence for an important role of sphingomyelinase in ultraviolet-induced activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(44): 27753-27757

Stiegler, G.; Stohlawetz, P.; Peck-Radosavljevic, M.; Jilma, B.; Pidlich, J.; Wichlas, M.; Höcker, P.; Panzer, S. 1998: Direct evidence for an increase in thrombopoiesis after liver transplantation. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 28(9): 755-759

Melamed, D.; Friedman, A. 1993: Direct evidence for anergy in T lymphocytes tolerized by oral administration of ovalbumin. European Journal of Immunology 23(4): 935-942

Tyurina, Y.Y.; Tyurin, V.A.; Carta, G.; Quinn, P.J.; Schor, N.F.; Kagan, V.E. 1997: Direct evidence for antioxidant effect of Bcl-2 in PC12 rat pheochromocytoma cells. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 344(2): 413-423

Tateda, K.; Ishii, Y.; Matsumoto, T.; Furuya, N.; Nagashima, M.; Matsunaga, T.; Ohno, A.; Miyazaki, S.; Yamaguchi, K. 1996: Direct evidence for antipseudomonal activity of macrolides: exposure-dependent bactericidal activity and inhibition of protein synthesis by erythromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin. Antimicrobial Agents and ChemoTherapy 40(10): 2271-2275

Calaminici, M.; Abdulla, F.A.; Sinden, J.D.; Stephenson, J.D. 1993: Direct evidence for axonal outgrowth from cholinergic grafts to cholinergically-deafferented rat cortex. Neuroreport 4(5): 585-587

Goadsby, P.J.; Knight, Y.E. 1997: Direct evidence for central sites of action of zolmitriptan (311C90): An autoradiographic study in cat. Cephalalgia: An International Journal of Headache 17(3): 153-158

Martí, O.; Gavaldà, A.; Gómez, F.; Armario, A. 1994: Direct evidence for chronic stress-induced facilitation of the adrenocorticotropin response to a novel acute stressor. Neuroendocrinology 60(1): 1-7

Maeda, T.; Eto, M.; Nishimura, Y.; Nomoto, K.; Kong, Y.Y.; Nomoto, K. 1993: Direct evidence for clonal destruction of allo-reactive T cells in the mice treated with cyclophosphamide after allo-priming. Immunology 78(1): 113-121

Lavoie, A.M.; Twyman, R.E. 1996: Direct evidence for diazepam modulation of GABAA receptor microscopic affinity. Neuropharmacology 35(9-10): 1383-1392

Brunel, V.; Mozziconacci, M.J.; Sainty, D.; Faucher, C.; Arnoulet, C.; Simonetti, J.; Maraninchi, D.; Blaise, D.; Lafage-Pochitaloff, M. 1995: Direct evidence for dissociated megakaryocytic chimaerism in a Wiskott-Aldrich patient successfully allografted. British Journal of Haematology 90(2): 336-340

Katoh, K.; Mizuno, K.; Hashimoto, S.; Okazaki, K.; Asahi, K.; Kuriki, M.; Yamada, D.; Fukuchi, S. 1994: Direct evidence for erythropoietin-induced release of endothelin from peripheral vascular tissue. Life Sciences 54(16): Pl253-Pl259

Diehl, N.L.; Kermode, J.C.; Shreeve, S.M. 1996: Direct evidence for functional coupling of the vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor to Gi3 in native lung membranes. Molecular Pharmacology 50(3): 624-630

Luo, X.X.; Wen, A.D.; Guo, Z.A.; Tan, Y.H. 1996: Direct evidence for histamine H3 receptor-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release from sympathetic terminals of guinea pig myocardium. Zhongguo Yao Li Xue Bao 17(5): 425-428

Hardas, B.D.; Zhang, J.; Trent, J.M.; Elder, J.T. 1994: Direct evidence for homologous sequences on the paracentric regions of human chromosome 1. Genomics 21(2): 359-363

Wichterle, H.; Garcia-Verdugo, J.M.; Alvarez-Buylla, A. 1997: Direct evidence for homotypic, glia-independent neuronal migration. Neuron 18(5): 779-791

Twomey, P.; Taira, J.; Degraff, W.; Mitchell, J.B.; Russo, A.; Krishna, M.C.; Hankovszky, O.H.; Frank, L.; Hideg, K. 1997: Direct evidence for in vivo nitroxide free radical production from a new antiarrhythmic drug by EPR spectroscopy. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 22(5): 909-916

Maeda, T.; Kaneko, S.; Akaike, A.; Satoh, M. 1997: Direct evidence for increase in excitatory amino acids release during mossy fiber LTP in rat hippocampal slices as revealed by the patch sensor methods. Neuroscience Letters 224(2): 103-106

Kirn, J.R.; Nottebohm, F. 1993: Direct evidence for loss and replacement of projection neurons in adult canary brain. Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 13(4): 1654-1663

Pertsemlidis, A.; Saxena, A.M.; Soper, A.K.; Head-Gordon, T.; Glaeser, R.M. 1996: Direct evidence for modified solvent structure within the hydration shell of a hydrophobic amino acid. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 93(20): 10769-10774

Lin, Y.; Shenoy, S.S.; Harris, R.B.; Colman, R.W. 1996: Direct evidence for multifacial contacts between high molecular weight kininogen and plasma prekallikrein. Biochemistry 35(39): 12945-12949

Lin, L.H.; Cassell, M.D.; Sandra, A.; Talman, W.T. 1998: Direct evidence for nitric oxide synthase in vagal afferents to the nucleus tractus solitarii. Neuroscience 84(2): 549-558

Balimane, P.V.; Tamai, I.; Guo, A.; Nakanishi, T.; Kitada, H.; Leibach, F.H.; Tsuji, A.; Sinko, P.J. 1998: Direct evidence for peptide transporter (PepT1)-mediated uptake of a nonpeptide prodrug, valacyclovir. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 250(2): 246-251

Cooper, D.R.; Watson, J.E.; Hernandez, H.; Yu, B.; Standaert, M.L.; Ways, D.K.; Arnold, T.T.; Ishizuka, T.; Farese, R.V. 1992: Direct evidence for protein kinase C involvement in insulin-stimulated hexose uptake. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 188(1): 142-148

Ortaldo, J.R.; Winkler-Pickett, R.T.; Nagashima, K.; Yagita, H.; Okumura, K. 1992: Direct evidence for release of pore-forming protein during NK cellular lysis. Journal of Leukocyte Biology 52(5): 483-488

el-Mas, M.M.; Abdel-Rahman, A.A. 1993: Direct evidence for selective involvement of aortic baroreceptors in ethanol-induced impairment of baroreflex control of heart rate. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 264(3): 1198-1205

Vernon, G.G.; Woolley, D.M. 1994: Direct evidence for tension development between flagellar doublet microtubules. Experimental Cell Research 215(2): 390-394

Kawamoto, H.; Ohmura, K.; Katsura, Y. 1997: Direct evidence for the commitment of hematopoietic stem cells to T, B and myeloid lineages in murine fetal liver. International Immunology 9(7): 1011-1019

Akashi, T.; Nagafuchi, S.; Anzai, K.; Kondo, S.; Kitamura, D.; Wakana, S.; Ono, J.; Kikuchi, M.; Niho, Y.; Watanabe, T. 1997: Direct evidence for the contribution of B cells to the progression of insulitis and the development of diabetes in non-obese diabetic mice. International Immunology 9(8): 1159-1164

Marala, R.B.; Mustafa, S.J. 1993: Direct evidence for the coupling of A2-adenosine receptor to stimulatory guanine nucleotide-binding-protein in bovine brain striatum. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 266(1): 294-300

Liu, G.; Abramson, J.J.; Zable, A.C.; Pessah, I.N. 1994: Direct evidence for the existence and functional role of hyperreactive sulfhydryls on the ryanodine receptor-triadin complex selectively labeled by the coumarin maleimide 7-diethylamino-3-(4'-maleimidylphenyl)-4-methylcoumarin. Molecular Pharmacology 45(2): 189-200

Lodi, P.J.; Knowles, J.R. 1993: Direct evidence for the exploitation of an alpha-helix in the catalytic mechanism of triosephosphate isomerase. Biochemistry 32(16): 4338-4343

Rudic, R.D.; Shesely, E.G.; Maeda, N.; Smithies, O.; Segal, S.S.; Sessa, W.C. 1998: Direct evidence for the importance of endothelium-derived nitric oxide in vascular remodeling. Journal of Clinical Investigation 101(4): 731-736

Dufrene, Y.F.; Vermeiren, H.; Vanderleyden, J.; Rouxhet, P.G. 1996: Direct evidence for the involvement of extracellular proteins in the adhesion of Azospirillum brasilense. Microbiology (Reading) 142(4): 855-865

Arion, W.J.; Canfield, W.K.; Callaway, E.S.; Burger, H.J.; Hemmerle, H.; Schubert, G.; Herling, A.W.; Oekonomopulos, R. 1998: Direct evidence for the involvement of two glucose 6-phosphate-binding sites in the glucose-6-phosphatase activity of intact liver microsomes. Characterization of T1, the microsomal glucose 6-phosphate transport protein by a direct binding assay. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(11): 6223-6227

Gerin, C.; Becquet, D.; Privat, A. 1995: Direct evidence for the link between monoaminergic descending pathways and motor activity. I. A study with microdialysis probes implanted in the ventral funiculus of the spinal cord. Brain Research 704(2): 191-201

Gerin, C.; Privat, A. 1998: Direct evidence for the link between monoaminergic descending pathways and motor activity: II. A study with microdialysis probes implanted in the ventral horn of the spinal cord. Brain Research 794(1): 169-173

Sui, L.M.; Hughes, W.; Hoppe, A.J.; Pétra, P.H. 1996: Direct evidence for the localization of the steroid-binding site of the plasma sex steroid-binding protein (SBP or SHBG) at the interface between the subunits. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 5(12): 2514-2520

Murakami, S.; Arai, Y. 1994: Direct evidence for the migration of LHRH neurons from the nasal region to the forebrain in the chick embryo: a carbocyanine dye analysis. Neuroscience Research 19(3): 331-338

Saitoh, D.; Kadota, T.; Okada, Y.; Masuda, Y.; Ohno, H.; Inoue, M. 1995: Direct evidence for the occurrence of superoxide radicals in the small intestine of the burned rat. American Journal of Emergency Medicine 13(1): 37-40

Katsaras, J.; Jeffrey, K.R.; Yang, D.S.; Epand, R.M. 1993: Direct evidence for the partial dehydration of phosphatidylethanolamine bilayers on approaching the hexagonal phase. Biochemistry 32(40): 10700-10707

Scott, D.; Coleman, P.J.; Mason, R.M.; Levick, J.R. 1998: Direct evidence for the partial reflection of hyaluronan molecules by the lining of rabbit knee joints during trans-synovial flow. Journal of Physiology 508: 619-623

Hu, Z.B.; Minden, M.D.; McCulloch, E.A. 1995: Direct evidence for the participation of bcl-2 in the regulation by retinoic acid of the Ara-C sensitivity of leukemic stem cells. Leukemia 9(10): 1667-1673

Han, S.; Yang, C.L.; Chen, X.; Naes, L.; Cox, B.F.; Westfall, T. 1998: Direct evidence for the role of neuropeptide y in sympathetic nerve stimulation-induced vasoconstriction. American Journal of Physiology 274(1): H290-H294

Yamauchi, M.; Omote, K.; Ninomiya, T. 1998: Direct evidence for the role of nitric oxide on the glutamate-induced neuronal death in cultured cortical neurons. Brain Research 780(2): 253-259

Melkonian, D.S. 1993: Direct evidence for the synaptic resonance phenomenon. Neuroreport 5(3): 217-220

Goossens, V.; Grooten, J.; De Vos, K.; Fiers, W. 1995: Direct evidence for tumor necrosis factor-induced mitochondrial reactive oxygen intermediates and their involvement in cytotoxicity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 92(18): 8115-8119

Lollo, B.A.; Chan, K.W.; Hanson, E.M.; Moy, V.T.; Brian, A.A. 1993: Direct evidence for two affinity states for lymphocyte function-associated antigen 1 on activated T cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(29): 21693-21700

Ogino, Y.; Tanaka, K.; Shimizu, N. 1996: Direct evidence for two distinct G proteins coupling with thrombin receptors in human neuroblastoma SH-EP cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 316(1): 105-109

Granot, Y.; Erikson, E.; Fridman, H.; Van Putten, V.; Williams, B.; Schrier, R.W.; Maller, J.L. 1993: Direct evidence for tyrosine and threonine phosphorylation and activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase by vasopressin in cultured rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 268(13): 9564-9569

Schaller, M.; Wurm, R.; Korting, H.C. 1997: Direct evidence for uptake of intact liposomes encapsulating silver sulfadiazine by cultured human keratinocytes based on combined transmission electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis. Antimicrobial Agents and ChemoTherapy 41(3): 717-719

Bernhard, E.J.; Gruber, S.B.; Muschel, R.J. 1994: Direct evidence linking expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (92-kDa gelatinase/collagenase) to the metastatic phenotype in transformed rat embryo cells. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 91(10): 4293-4297

Yakar, S.; Kaplan, B.; Livneh, A.; Martin, B.; Miura, K.; Ali-Khan, Z.; Shtrasburg, S.; Pras, M. 1994: Direct evidence for SAA deposition in tissues during murine amyloidogenesis. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 40(6): 653-658

Nakano, M.; Nakajima, Y.; Tsuchida, Y.; Kudo, S.; Nakamura, H.; Fukuda, O. 1997: Direct evidence of a connection between autotransplanted microvessel fragments and the host microvascular system. International Journal of Microcirculation Clinical and Experimental 17(4): 159-163

Hoffman, R.C.; Castner, B.J.; Gerhart, M.; Gibson, M.G.; Rasmussen, B.D.; March, C.J.; Weatherbee, J.; Tsang, M.; Gustchina, A.; Schalk-Hihi, C. 1995: Direct evidence of a heterotrimeric complex of human interleukin-4 with its receptors. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 4(3): 382-386

Thiébaud, D.; Janisch, S.; Koelbl, H.; Hanzal, E.; Jacquet, A.F.; Leodolter, S.; Burckhardt, P.; Pecherstorfer, M. 1993: Direct evidence of a parathyroid related protein gradient between the mother and the newborn in humans. Bone and Mineral 23(3): 213-221

Suzuki, A.S.; Yamamoto, Y.; Imoh, H. 1997: Direct evidence of an essential role for extended involution in the specification of a dorsal marginal mesoderm during Cynops gastrulation. Development Growth and Differentiation 39(2): 135-141

Antal, M.; Petkó, M.; Polgár, E.; Heizmann, C.W.; Storm-Mathisen, J. 1996: Direct evidence of an extensive gabaergic innervation of the spinal dorsal horn by fibres descending from the rostral ventromedial medulla. Neuroscience 73(2): 509-518

Sasaki, Y.; Iseki, M.; Yamaguchi, S.; Kurosawa, Y.; Yamamoto, T.; Moriwaki, Y.; Kenri, T.; Sasaki, T.; Yamashita, R. 1998: Direct evidence of autosomal recessive inheritance of Arg24 to termination codon in purine nucleoside phosphorylase gene in a family with a severe combined immunodeficiency patient. Human Genetics 103(1): 81-85

Holland, C.K.; Deng, C.X.; Apfel, R.E.; Alderman, J.L.; Fernandez, L.A.; Taylor, K.J. 1996: Direct evidence of cavitation in vivo from diagnostic ultrasound. Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology 22(7): 917-925

Poszwa, A.; Dambrine, E.; Pollier, B.; Fichter, J. 1998: Direct evidence of forest soil acidification in the Strengbach Catchment, Haut-Rhin, France. Ecologie 29(1-2): 407-410

Asahara, H.; Fujisawa, K.; Kobata, T.; Hasunuma, T.; Maeda, T.; Asanuma, M.; Ogawa, N.; Inoue, H.; Sumida, T.; Nishioka, K. 1997: Direct evidence of high DNA binding activity of transcription factor AP-1 in rheumatoid arthritis synovium. Arthritis and Rheumatism 40(5): 912-918

Kuwahara, T.; Hamada, M.; Hiwada, K. 1998: Direct evidence of impaired cardiac sympathetic innervation in essential hypertensive patients with left ventricular hypertrophy. Journal of Nuclear Medicine: Official Publication Society of Nuclear Medicine 39(9): 1486-1491

Yamazaki, M.; Miyazu, M.; Asano, T.; Yuba, A.; Kume, N. 1994: Direct evidence of induction of interdigitated gel structure in large unilamellar vesicles of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine by ethanol: Studies by excimer method and high-resolution electron cryomicroscopy. Biophysical Journal 66(3 Pt 1): 729-733

Pu, M.; Ma, L.; Ohkusu, K.; Isobe, K.; Taguchi, R.; Ikezawa, H.; Hamaguchi, M.; Nakashima, I. 1995: Direct evidence of involvement of glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins in the heavy metal-mediated signal delivery into T lymphocytes. Febs Letters 361(2-3): 295-298

Takezawa, R.; Watanabe, Y.; Akaike, T. 1995: Direct evidence of macrophage differentiation from bone marrow cells in the liver: a possible origin of Kupffer cells. Journal of Biochemistry 118(6): 1175-1183

Wershil, B.K.; Castagliuolo, I.; Pothoulakis, C. 1998: Direct evidence of mast cell involvement in Clostridium difficile toxin A-induced enteritis in mice. Gastroenterology 114(5): 956-964

Ohta, N.; Suzuki, K.; Kawano, S.; Kuroiwa, T. 1993: Direct evidence of mitochondrial nuclear division in the ultra-micro alga Cyanidioschyzon merolae. Cytologia 58(4): 471-476

Grimm, M.C.; Pullman, W.E.; Bennett, G.M.; Sullivan, P.J.; Pavli, P.; Doe, W.F. 1995: Direct evidence of monocyte recruitment to inflammatory bowel disease mucosa. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 10(4): 387-395

Fujii, J.; Kita, T.; Yoshida, S.; Takeda, T.; Kobayashi, H.; Tanaka, N.; Ohsato, K.; Mizuguchi, Y. 1994: Direct evidence of neuron impairment by oral infection with verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O157:H- in mitomycin-treated mice. Infection and Immunity 62(8): 3447-3453

Nakatsubo, N.; Kojima, H.; Kikuchi, K.; Nagoshi, H.; Hirata, Y.; Maeda, D.; Imai, Y.; Irimura, T.; Nagano, T. 1998: Direct evidence of nitric oxide production from bovine aortic endothelial cells using new fluorescence indicators: Diaminofluoresceins. FEBS Letters 427(2): 263-266

Loguercio, C.; D'Argenio, G.; Delle Cave, M.; Cosenza, V.; Della Valle, N.; Mazzacca, G.; del Vecchio Blanco, C. 1996: Direct evidence of oxidative damage in acute and chronic phases of experimental colitis in rats. Digestive Diseases and Sciences 41(6): 1204-1211

Harris, M.E.; Hensley, K.; Butterfield, D.A.; Leedle, R.A.; Carney, J.M. 1995: Direct evidence of oxidative injury produced by the Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide (1-40) in cultured hippocampal neurons. Experimental Neurology 131(2): 193-202

Matsumoto, S.; Kuroda, Y.; Hamano, M.; Kim, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Ku, Y.; Saitoh, Y. 1996: Direct evidence of pancreatic tissue oxygenation during preservation by the two-layer method. Transplantation 62(11): 1667-1670

Sasano, T.; Shoji, N.; Kuriwada, S.; Sanjo, D.; Izumi, H.; Karita, K. 1996: Direct evidence of parasympathetic vasodilatation in cat periodontal ligament. Journal of Periodontal Research 31(8): 556-562

Kuroiwa, T.; Kawazu, T.; Uchida, H.; Ohta, T.; Kuroiwa, H. 1993: Direct evidence of plastid DNA and mitochondrial DNA in sperm cells in relation to biparental inheritance of organelle DNA in Pelargonium zonale by fluorescence/electron microscopy. European Journal of Cell Biology 62(2): 307-313

Nabedryk, E.; Breton, J.; Okamura, M.Y.; Paddock, M.L. 1998: Direct evidence of structural changes in reaction centers of Rb. Sphaeroides containing suppressor mutations for Asp L213fwdarw Asn: A FTIR study of QB photoreduction. Photosynthesis Research 55(2-3): 293-299

Vass, Z.; Shore, S.E.; Nuttall, A.L.; Miller, J.M. 1998: Direct evidence of trigeminal innervation of the cochlear blood vessels. Neuroscience 84(2): 559-567

Hultsch, T.; Brand, P.; Lohmann, S.; Saloga, J.; Kincaid, R.L.; Knop, J. 1998: Direct evidence that FK506 inhibition of FcepsilonRI-mediated exocytosis from RBL mast cells involves calcineurin. Archives of Dermatological Research 290(5): 258-263

Zaitsu, M.; Hamasaki, Y.; Ishii, K.; Kita, M.; Hayasaki, R.; Muro, E.; Yamamoto, S.; Kobayashi, I.; Matsuo, M.; Ichimaru, T.; Miyazaki, S. 1998: Direct evidence that LTC4 and LTB4 but not TXA2 are involved in asthma attacks in children. Journal of Asthma: Official Journal of the Association for the Care of Asthma 35(5): 445-448

Rupnow, B.A.; Murtha, A.D.; Alarcon, R.M.; Giaccia, A.J.; Knox, S.J. 1998: Direct evidence that apoptosis enhances tumor responses to fractionated radiotherapy. Cancer Research 58(9): 1779-1784

Resar, J.R.; Judd, R.M.; Halperin, H.R.; Chacko, V.P.; Weiss, R.G.; Yin, F.C. 1993: Direct evidence that coronary perfusion affects diastolic myocardial mechanical properties in canine heart. Cardiovascular Research 27(3): 403-410

Ishiki, Y.; Ohnishi, H.; Muto, Y.; Matsumoto, K.; Nakamura, T. 1992: Direct evidence that hepatocyte growth factor is a hepatotrophic factor for liver regeneration and has a potent antihepatitis effect in vivo. Hepatology 16(5): 1227-1235

Lindhout, E.; Mevissen, M.L.; Kwekkeboom, J.; Tager, J.M.; de Groot, C. 1993: Direct evidence that human follicular dendritic cells (FDC) rescue germinal centre B cells from death by apoptosis. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 91(2): 330-336

Zhou, X.; Zhai, X.; Ashraf, M. 1996: Direct evidence that initial oxidative stress triggered by preconditioning contributes to second window of protection by endogenous antioxidant enzyme in myocytes. Circulation 93(6): 1177-1184

Dhib-Jalbut, S.S.; Cowan, E.P. 1993: Direct evidence that interferon-beta mediates enhanced HLA-class i expression in measles virus-infected cells. Journal of Immunology 151(11): 6248-6258

Steinert, P.M.; Marekov, L.N. 1997: Direct evidence that involucrin is a major early isopeptide cross-linked component of the keratinocyte cornified cell envelope. Journal of Biological Chemistry 272(3): 2021-2030

Kovar, J.; Stunz, L.L.; Stewart, B.C.; Kriegerbeckova, K.; Ashman, R.F.; Kemp, J.D. 1997: Direct evidence that iron deprivation induces apoptosis in murine lymphoma 38C13. Pathobiology: Journal of Immunopathology Molecular and Cellular Biology 65(2): 61-68

Sakal, E.; Elberg, G.; Gertler, A. 1997: Direct evidence that lactogenic hormones induce homodimerization of membrane-anchored prolactin receptor in intact Nb2-11C rat lymphoma cells. Febs Letters 410(2-3): 289-292

Kaminski, A.; Hunt, S., L.; Patton, J., G.; Jackson, R., J. 1996: Direct evidence that polypyrimidine tract binding protein (PTB) is essential for internal initiation of translation of encephalomyocarditis virus RNA. RNA (New York) 1(9): 924-938

Qiu, Y.; Ping, P.; Tang, X.L.; Manchikalapudi, S.; Rizvi, A.; Zhang, J.; Takano, H.; Wu, W.J.; Teschner, S.; Bolli, R. 1998: Direct evidence that protein kinase C plays an essential role in the development of late preconditioning against myocardial stunning in conscious rabbits and that epsilon is the isoform involved. Journal of Clinical Investigation 101(10): 2182-2198

Deans, Z.; Dawson, S.J.; Buttery, L.; Polak, J.M.; Wallace, D.; Latchman, D.S. 1995: Direct evidence that the POU family transcription factor Oct-2 represses the cellular tyrosine hydroxylase gene in neuronal cells. Journal of Molecular Neuroscience: Mn 6(3): 159-167

Sekili, S.; McCay, P.B.; Li, X.Y.; Zughaib, M.; Sun, J.Z.; Tang, L.; Thornby, J.I.; Bolli, R. 1993: Direct evidence that the hydroxyl radical plays a pathogenetic role in myocardial "stunning" in the conscious dog and demonstration that stunning can be markedly attenuated without subsequent adverse effects. Circulation Research 73(4): 705-723

Rossi, P.; Dolci, S.; Albanesi, C.; Grimaldi, P.; Geremia, R. 1993: Direct evidence that the mouse sex-determining gene Sry is expressed in the somatic cells of male fetal gonads and in the germ cell line in the adult testis. Molecular Reproduction and Development 34(4): 369-373

Hayashi, K.; Loutzenhiser, R.; Epstein, M. 1997: Direct evidence that thromboxane mimetic U44069 preferentially constricts the afferent arteriole. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: Jasn 8(1): 25-31

Dellaire, G.; Chartrand, P. 1998: Direct evidence that transgene integration is random in murine cells, implying that naturally occurring double-strand breaks may be distributed similarly within the genome. Radiation Research 149(4): 325-329

Mackensen, A.; Carcelain, G.; Viel, S.; Raynal, M.C.; Michalaki, H.; Triebel, F.; Bosq, J.; Hercend, T. 1994: Direct evidence to support the immunosurveillance concept in a human regressive melanoma. Journal of Clinical Investigation 93(4): 1397-1402

Rouas-Freiss, N.; Gonçalves, R.M.; Menier, C.; Dausset, J.; Carosella, E.D. 1997: Direct evidence to support the role of HLA-G in protecting the fetus from maternal uterine natural killer cytolysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 94(21): 11520-11525

Bieganowska, K.D.; Ausubel, L.J.; Modabber, Y.; Slovik, E.; Messersmith, W.; Hafler, D.A. 1997: Direct ex vivo analysis of activated, Fas-sensitive autoreactive T cells in human autoimmune disease. Journal of Experimental Medicine 185(9): 1585-1594

Assmus, B.; Hausner, M.; Grenier, D.; Schloter, M.; Hartmann, A.; Goldner, M. 1997: Direct examination of subgingival plaque from a diseased periodontal site using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM). New Microbiologica 20(2): 155-159

Sestili, P.; Cattabeni, F.; Cantoni, O. 1996: Direct excision of 50 kb pair DNA fragments from megabase-sized fragments produced during apoptotic cleavage of genomic DNA. Febs Letters 396(2-3): 337-342

Lin, Y.; Carpenter, D.O. 1994: Direct excitatory opiate effects mediated by non-synaptic actions on rat medial vestibular neurons. European Journal of Pharmacology 262(1-2): 99-106

Kilger, C.; Pääbo, S. 1997: Direct exponential amplification and sequencing (DEXAS) of genomic DNA. Biological Chemistry 378(2): 99-105

Kim, H.M.; Choi, I.P.; Holsapple, M.P. 1994: Direct exposure to 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) increases infectivity of human erythrocytes to a malarial parasite. Life Sciences 54(12): PL215-PL220

Caffrey-Nolan, R.E.; McCoy, K.L. 1998: Direct exposure to gallium arsenide upregulates costimulatory activity of murine macrophages. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 151(2): 330-339

Tu, B.; Wallin, A.; Moldéus, P.; Cotgreave, I.A. 1995: Direct exposure to nitrogen dioxide fails to induce the expression of some inflammatory cytokines in an IC-21 murine macrophage cell model. Toxicology 104(1-3): 159-164

Iwamoto, N.; Nishiyama, C.; Yasuhara, T.; Saito, A.; Yuuki, T.; Okumura, Y.; Okudaira, H. 1996: Direct expression of Der f2, a major house dust mite allergen, in Escherichia coli. International Archives of Allergy and Immunology 109(4): 356-361

Martemyanov, K.A.; Spirin, A.S.; Gudkov, A.T. 1997: Direct expression of PCR products in a cell-free transcription/translation system: Synthesis of antibacterial peptide cecropin. FEBS Letters 414(2): 268-270

Morino, S.; Yasui, M.; Doi, M.; Inoue, M.; Ishida, T.; Ueda, H.; Uesugi, S. 1994: Direct expression of a synthetic gene in Escherichia coli: purification and physicochemical properties of human initiation factor 4E. Journal of Biochemistry 116(3): 687-693

Sagara, Y.; Wada, A.; Takata, Y.; Waterman, M.R.; Sekimizu, K.; Horiuchi, T. 1993: Direct expression of adrenodoxin reductase in Escherichia coli and the functional characterization. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 16(7): 627-630

Sakamoto, H.; Kitano, S.; Yasui, T.; Komiyama, M.; Nishikawa, M.; Iwai, Y.; Yamanaka, K.; Nakajima, H.; Kishi, H.; Kan, M.; Fujitani, K.; Hakuba, A. 1997: Direct extracranial-intracranial bypass for children with moyamoya disease. Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery 99(Suppl): S128-S133

Tyagi, S.C.; Matsubara, L.; Weber, K.T. 1993: Direct extraction and estimation of collagenase(s) activity by zymography in microquantities of rat myocardium and uterus. Clinical Biochemistry 26(3): 191-198

Suzuki, K.; Okumura, Y.; Sato, T.; Yasuda, T.; Oki, A.; Oki, M.; Sunamoto, J. 1996: Direct extraction of A and B blood group antigens from human red cells by liposomes. Transfusion 36(11-12): 966-968

Ogunseitan, O.A. 1997: Direct extraction of catalytic proteins from natural microbial communities. Journal of Microbiological Methods 28(1): 55-63

Ogunseitan, O.A. 1993: Direct extraction of proteins from environmental samples. Journal of Microbiological Methods 17(4): 273-281

Thomas, D.; Cooper, L.; Cooper, J.; Taylor, D.; Robb, A. 1997: Direct fast track admission to a coronary care unit. Journal of the Royal College of Physicians of London 31(2): 188-191

Saito, Y.; Ishii, Y.; Hayashi, H.; Yoshikawa, K.; Noguchi, Y.; Yoshida, S.; Soeda, S.; Yoshida, M. 1998: Direct fermentation of 2-Keto-L-gulonic acid in recombinant Gluconobacter oxydans. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58(2-3): 309-315, Il 20- 5

Reddy, O.V.jaya-Sarathi; Basappa, S.C. 1996: Direct fermentation of cassava starch to ethanol by mixed cultures of Endomycopsis fibuligera and Zymomonas mobilis: Synergism and limitations. Biotechnology Letters 18(11): 1315-1318

Singh, A.; Kumar, P.K.R.; Schugerl, K. 1992: Direct fermentation of cellulosic materials by Fusarium oxysporum 841: Acetic acid/ethanol production and tolerance. Journal of General and Applied Microbiology 38(3): 227-236