EurekaMag PDF full texts Chapter 11,201

Keane, C.; Marx, J.; Ricci, E. 2001: Privatization and the scope of public health: a national survey of local health department directors. American Journal of Public Health 91(4): 611-617

Eubanks, C.; Lafferty, W.E.; Kimball, A.M.; MacCornack, R.; Kassler, W.J. 1999: Privatization of STD services in Tacoma, Washington: a quality review. Sexually Transmitted Diseases 26(9): 537-542

Sen, A.; Chander, M. 2003: Privatization of veterinary services in developing countries: a review. Tropical Animal Health and Production 35(3): 223-236

Chainay, H.; Humphreys, G.W. 2002: Privileged access to action for objects relative to words. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 9(2): 348-355

Hajduk, P.J.; Bures, M.; Praestgaard, J.; Fesik, S.W. 2000: Privileged molecules for protein binding identified from NMR-based screening. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43(18): 3443-3447

Mikolajczyk, S.D.; Rittenhouse, H.G. 2003: Pro PSA: a more cancer specific form of prostate specific antigen for the early detection of prostate cancer. Keio Journal of Medicine 52(2): 86-91

Pedersen, T.R. 2001: Pro and Con: Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol lowering is and will be the key to the future of lipid management. American Journal of Cardiology 87(5A): 8B

Crane, J. 2002: Pro and anti: the biotics of allergic disease. Thorax 57(Suppl 2): Ii40-Ii46

Musavi, S.; Kakkar, P. 2000: Pro and antioxidant responses to repeated administration of diazepam in rat brain. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 206(1-2): 97-103

Assmann, G. 2001: Pro and con: high-density lipoprotein, triglycerides, and other lipid subfractions are the future of lipid management. American Journal of Cardiology 87(5a): 2B-7B

Toropova, N.P.; Platonova, I.N.; Olontseva, T.V. 2000: Pro and contra in the choice of external corticosteroid drugs for the treatment of atopic dermatitis in children. Therapeutic effiiciency of Locoid. Vestnik Dermatologii i Venerologii 2: 41-43

Westermark, G.T.; Steiner, D.F.; Gebre-Medhin, S.; Engström, U.; Westermark, P. 2000: Pro islet amyloid polypeptide (ProIAPP) immunoreactivity in the islets of Langerhans. Upsala Journal of Medical Sciences 105(2): 97-106

Geffen, J.; Sorensen, L.; Stokes, J.; Cameron, A.; Roberts, M.S.; Geffen, L. 2002: Pro re nata medication for psychoses: An audit of practice in two metropolitan hospitals. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36(5): 649-656

Geffen, J.; Cameron, A.; Sorensen, L.; Stokes, J.; Roberts, M.S.; Geffen, L. 2002: Pro re nata medication for psychoses: The knowledge and beliefs of doctors and nurses. Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36(5): 642-648

Weller, R.; Billiar, T.; Vodovotz, Y. 2002: Pro- and anti-apoptotic effects of nitric oxide in irradiated keratinocytes: the role of superoxide. Skin Pharmacology and Applied Skin Physiology 15(5): 348-352

Dominov, J.A.; Houlihan-Kawamoto, C.A.; Swap, C.J.; Miller, J.B. 2001: Pro- and anti-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family in skeletal muscle: a distinct role for Bcl-2 in later stages of myogenesis. Developmental Dynamics: An Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists 220(1): 18-26

Yu, X.; Zhang, W.; Bian, J.; Wong, T.M. 1999: Pro- and anti-arrhythmic effects of a kappa opioid receptor agonist: a model for the biphasic action of a local hormone in the heart. Clinical and Experimental Pharmacology and Physiology 26(10): 842-844

Vieira, C.; Fetzer, S.; Sauer, S.K.; Evangelista, S.; Averbeck, B.; Kress, M.; Reeh, P.W.; Cirillo, R.; Lippi, A.; Maggi, C.A.; Manzini, S. 2001: Pro- and anti-inflammatory actions of ricinoleic acid: Similarities and differences with capsaicin. Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's Archives of Pharmacology 364(2): 87-95

Ostrowski, K.; Rohde, T.; Asp, S.; Schjerling, P.; Pedersen, B.K. 1999: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine balance in strenuous exercise in humans. Journal of Physiology 515: 287-291

Okamoto, K.; Martin, D.P.; Schmelzer, J.D.; Mitsui, Y.; Low, P.A. 2001: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine gene expression in rat sciatic nerve chronic constriction injury model of neuropathic pain. Experimental Neurology 169(2): 386-391

Duval, E.L.; Kavelaars, A.; Veenhuizen, L.; van Vught, A.J.; van de Wal, H.J.; Heijnen, C.J. 1999: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine patterns during and after cardiac surgery in young children. European Journal of Pediatrics 158(5): 387-393

Price, W.A.; Moats-Staats, B.M.; Stiles, A.D. 2002: Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines regulate insulin-like growth factor binding protein production by fetal rat lung fibroblasts. American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology 26(3): 283-289

Solomon, A.; Dursun, D.; Liu, Z.; Xie, Y.; Macri, A.; Pflugfelder, S.C. 2001: Pro- and anti-inflammatory forms of interleukin-1 in the tear fluid and conjunctiva of patients with dry-eye disease. IOVS Investigative Ophthalmology and Visual Science 42(10): 2283-2292

Fleming, S.; Toratani, S.; Shea-Donohue, T.; Kashiwabara, Y.; Vogel, S.N.; Metcalf, E.S. 2001: Pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression in the murine small intestine and liver after chronic exposure to alcohol. Alcoholism Clinical and Experimental Research 25(4): 579-589

Kolesnik, N.A.; Lapchinskaya, I.I.; Doroshenko, B.G.; Kozachok, M.M. 1998: Pro- and antiatherogenic mechanisms in chronic renal impairement. Likars'ka Sprava 1998(8): 18-23

Banerjea, M.C.; Diener, W.; Kutschke, G.; Schneble, H.J.; Korinthenberg, R.; Sutor, A.H. 2002: Pro- and anticoagulatory factors under sodium valproate-therapy in children. Neuropediatrics 33(4): 215-220

Elstner, M.; Denke, A.; Gsell, W.; Elstner, E.F.; Riederer, P.; Gerlach, M. 1999: Pro- and antioxidative properties of cortical tissue preparations from human brain exhibiting NMDA-receptor characteristics. Zeitschrift für Naturforschung. C Journal of Biosciences 54(5-6): 438-445

Marini, A.; Negretti, F.; Boehm, G.; Li Destri, M.; Clerici-Bagozzi, D.; Mosca, F.; Agosti, M. 2003: Pro- and pre-biotics administration in preterm infants: Colonization and influence on faecal flora. Acta Paediatrica . Supplement 91(441): 80-81

Zimmermann, B.; Bauer, E.; Mosenthin, R. 2001: Pro- and prebiotics in pig nutrition: Potential modulators of gut health?. Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences 10(1): 47-56

Semwal, A.D.; Sharma, G.K.; Arya, S.S. 1999: Pro- or antioxygenic activity of tejpat (Cinnamomum tamala) and red chilli (Capsicum annum) in sunflower oil. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 79(12): 1733-1736

Gogos, C.A.; Drosou, E.; Bassaris, H.P.; Skoutelis, A. 2000: Pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokine profile in patients with severe sepsis: a marker for prognosis and future therapeutic options. Journal of Infectious Diseases 181(1): 176-180

Cavaillon, J.M. 2001: Pro- versus anti-inflammatory cytokines: myth or reality. Cellular and Molecular Biology 47(4): 695-702

Bertrand, F.E.; Vogtenhuber, C.; Shah, N.; LeBien, T.W. 2001: Pro-B-cell to pre-B-cell development in B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia expressing the MLL/AF4 fusion protein. Blood 98(12): 3398-3405

Morrow, T.A.; Muljo, S.A.; Zhang, J.; Hardwick, J.M.; Schlissel, M.S. 1999: Pro-B-cell-specific transcription and proapoptotic function of protein kinase Ceta. Molecular and Cellular Biology 19(8): 5608-5618

Mock, P.; Frydman, R.; Bellet, D.; Diawara, D.A.; Lavaissiere, L.; Troalen, F.; Bidart, J.M. 1999: Pro-EPIL forms are present in amniotic fluid and maternal serum during normal pregnancy. Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism 84(6): 2253-2256

Sharma, S.; Paladino, P.; Gabriele, J.; Saeedi, H.; Henry, P.; Chang, M.; Mishra, R.K.; Johnson, R.L. 2003: Pro-Leu-glycinamide and its peptidomimetic, PAOPA, attenuate haloperidol induced vacuous chewing movements in rat: A model of human tardive dyskinesia. Peptides 24(2): 313-319

Toth, M.; Chvyrkova, I.; Bernardo, M.Margarida.; Hernandez-Barrantes, S.; Fridman, R. 2003: Pro-MMP-9 activation by the MT1-MMP/MMP-2 axis and MMP-3: Role of TIMP-2 and plasma membranes. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 308(2): 386-395

Chandrasekaran, S.; Guo, N.H.; Rodrigues, R.G.; Kaiser, J.; Roberts, D.D. 1999: Pro-adhesive and chemotactic activities of thrombospondin-1 for breast carcinoma cells are mediated by alpha3beta1 integrin and regulated by insulin-like growth factor-1 and CD98. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(16): 11408-11416

Leu, S-Jeng.; Lam, S.C-T.; Lau, L.F. 2002: Pro-angiogenic activities of CYR61 (CCN1) mediated through integrins alphavbeta3 and alpha6beta1 in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(48): 46248-46255

Qi, B.; Qi, Y.; Watari, A.; Yoshioka, N.; Inoue, H.; Minemoto, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Sasagawa, T.; Yutsudo, M. 2003: Pro-apoptotic ASY/Nogo-B protein associates with ASYIP. Journal of Cellular Physiology 196(2): 312-318

Camandola, S.; Mattson, M.P. 2000: Pro-apoptotic action of PAR-4 involves inhibition of NF-kappaB activity and suppression of BCL-2 expression. Journal of Neuroscience Research 61(2): 134-139

Li, H.; Liu, L.; David, M.L.; Whitehead, C.M.; Chen, M.; Fetter, J.R.; Sperl, G.J.; Pamukcu, R.; Thompson, W.J. 2002: Pro-apoptotic actions of exisulind and CP461 in SW480 colon tumor cells involve beta-catenin and cyclin D1 down-regulation. Biochemical Pharmacology 64(9): 1325-1336

Subramanian, T.; Chinnadurai, G. 2003: Pro-apoptotic activity of transiently expressed BCL-2 occurs independent of BAX and BAK. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 89(6): 1102-1114

Lesnikov, V.; Lesnikova, M.; Deeg, H.J. 2001: Pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic effects of transferrin and transferrin-derived glycans on hematopoietic cells and lymphocytes. Experimental Hematology 29(4): 477-489

Reader, S.; Ménard, S.; Filion, B.; Filion, M.C.; Phillips, N.C. 2001: Pro-apoptotic and immunomodulatory activity of a mycobacterial cell wall-DNA complex towards LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Prostate 49(3): 155-165

Basañez, G.; Zhang, J.; Chau, B.N.; Maksaev, G.I.; Frolov, V.A.; Brandt, T.A.; Burch, J.; Hardwick, J.M.; Zimmerberg, J. 2001: Pro-apoptotic cleavage products of Bcl-xL form cytochrome c-conducting pores in pure lipid membranes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(33): 31083-31091

Buemi, M.; Allegra, A.; Senatore, M.; Marino, D.; Medici, M.A.; Aloisi, C.; Di Pasquale, G.; Corica, F. 1999: Pro-apoptotic effect of fluvastatin on human smooth muscle cells. European Journal of Pharmacology 370(2): 201-203

Hur, J.; Kang, M.-K.; Park, J.-Y.; Lee, S.-Y.; Bae, Y.-S.; Lee, S.-H.; Park, Y.-M.; Kwak, J.-Y. 2003: Pro-apoptotic effect of high concentrations of histamine on human neutrophils. International Immunopharmacology 3(10-11): 1491-1502

Araki, W.; Yuasa, K.; Takeda, S.; Takeda, K.; Shirotani, K.; Takahashi, K.; Tabira, T. 2001: Pro-apoptotic effect of presenilin 2 (PS2) overexpression is associated with down-regulation of Bcl-2 in cultured neurons. Journal of Neurochemistry 79(6): 1161-1168

Pollicino, T.; Terradillos, O.; Lecoeur, H.; Gougeon, M.L.; Buendia, M.A. 1998: Pro-apoptotic effect of the hepatitis B virus X gene. Biomedicine and Pharmacotherapy 52(9): 363-368

Furukawa, K.; D'Souza, I.; Crudder, C.H.; Onodera, H.; Itoyama, Y.; Poorkaj, P.; Bird, T.D.; Schellenberg, G.D. 2000: Pro-apoptotic effects of tau mutations in chromosome 17 frontotemporal dementia and parkinsonism. Neuroreport 11(1): 57-60

Kim, K-Hwan.; Seong, B.L. 2003: Pro-apoptotic function of HBV X protein is mediated by interaction with c-FLIP and enhancement of death-inducing signal. EMBO Journal 22(9): 2104-2116

Jo, D.G.; Kim, M.J.; Choi, Y.H.; Kim, I.K.; Song, Y.H.; Woo, H.N.; Chung, C.W.; Jung, Y.K. 2001: Pro-apoptotic function of calsenilin/DREAM/KChIP3. FASEB Journal 15(3): 589-591

Kessel, D.; Horwitz, J.P. 2001: Pro-apoptotic interactions between XK469 and the peripheral benzodiazepine receptor. Cancer Letters 168(2): 141-144

Liu, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, Z.; Ling, Y. 2003: Pro-apoptotic role of NF-kappaB pathway inhibition in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated polymorphonuclear neutrophils. Chinese Medical Journal 116(8): 1257-1261

Kuperstein, F.; Yavin, E. 2003: Pro-apoptotic signaling in neuronal cells following iron and amyloid beta peptide neurotoxicity. Journal of Neurochemistry 86(1): 114-125

Ricote, M.; Royuela, M.; García-Tuñón, I.; Bethencourt, Fín.R.; Paniagua, R.; Fraile, B. 2003: Pro-apoptotic tumor necrosis factor-alpha transduction pathway in normal prostate, benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostatic carcinoma. Journal of Urology 170(3): 787-790

Breitschopf, K.; Zeiher, A.M.; Dimmeler, S. 2001: Pro-atherogenic factors induce telomerase inactivation in endothelial cells through an Akt-dependent mechanism. FEBS Letters 493(1): 21-25

Mazul-Sunko, B.; Zarkovic, N.; Vrkic, N.; Klinger, R.; Peric, M.; Bekavac-Beslin, M.; Novkoski, M.; Krizmanic, A.; Gvozdenovic, A.; Topic, E. 2001: Pro-atrial natriuretic peptide hormone from right atria is correlated with cardiac depression in septic patients. Journal of Endocrinological Investigation 24(7): Rc22-Rc24

Michalski, B.; Fahnestock, M. 2003: Pro-brain-derived neurotrophic factor is decreased in parietal cortex in Alzheimer's disease. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 111(1-2): 148-154

Qin, Z.H.; Wang, Y.; Kikly, K.K.; Sapp, E.; Kegel, K.B.; Aronin, N.; DiFiglia, M. 2001: Pro-caspase-8 is predominantly localized in mitochondria and released into cytoplasm upon apoptotic stimulation. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(11): 8079-8086

André, P.; Hartwell, D.; Hrachovinová, I.; Saffaripour, S.; Wagner, D.D. 2000: Pro-coagulant state resulting from high levels of soluble P-selectin in blood. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97(25): 13835-13840

Malmberg-Aiello, P.; Ipponi, A.; Blandina, P.; Bartolini, L.; Schunack, W. 2003: Pro-cognitive effect of a selective histamine H1-receptor agonist, 2-(3-trifluoromethylphenyl)histamine, in the rat object recognition test. Inflammation Research: Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society . 52 Suppl 1: S33-S34

Palmieri, D.; Poggi, S.; Ulivi, V.; Casartelli, G.; Manduca, P. 2003: Pro-collagen i COOH-terminal trimer induces directional migration and metalloproteinases in breast cancer cells. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(6): 3639-3647

Dumin, J.A.; Dickeson, S.K.; Stricker, T.P.; Bhattacharyya-Pakrasi, M.; Roby, J.D.; Santoro, S.A.; Parks, W.C. 2001: Pro-collagenase-1 (matrix metalloproteinase-1) binds the alpha(2)beta(1) integrin upon release from keratinocytes migrating on type I collagen. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(31): 29368-29374

Sidera, C.; Liu, C.; Austen, B. 2002: Pro-domain removal in ASP-2 and the cleavage of the amyloid precursor are influenced by pH. Bmc Biochemistry 3: 25

Mironov, A.A.; Novichkov, P.S.; Gelfand, M.S. 2001: Pro-Frame: similarity-based gene recognition in eukaryotic DNA sequences with errors. Bioinformatics 17(1): 13-15

Oremek, G.M.; Sapoutzis, N. 2003: Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (Pro-GRP), a tumor marker for small cell lung cancer. Anticancer Research 23(2a): 895-898

Schneider, J.; Philipp, M.; Velcovsky, H-Georg.; Morr, H.; Katz, N. 2003: Pro-gastrin-releasing peptide (ProGRP), neuron specific enolase (NSE), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 19-fragments (CYFRA 21-1) in patients with lung cancer in comparison to other lung diseases. Anticancer Research 23(2a): 885-893

Filion, M.C.; Phillips, N.C. 2001: Pro-inflammatory activity of contaminating DNA in hyaluronic acid preparations. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 53(4): 555-561

Fuller, B.; Dijk, S.; Butler, P.; Hoang, V.; Davidson, B. 2003: Pro-inflammatory agents accumulate during donor liver cold preservation: A study on increased adhesion molecule expression and abrogation by curcumin in cultured endothelial cells. Cryobiology 46(3): 284-288

Lahn, M.; Fisch, P.; Köhler, G.; Kunzmann, R.; Hentrich, I.; Jesuiter, H.; Behringer, D.; Muschal, B.; Veelken, H.; Kulmburg, P.; Iklé, D.N.; Lindemann, A. 1999: Pro-inflammatory and T cell inhibitory cytokines are secreted at high levels in tumor cell cultures of human renal cell carcinoma. European Urology 35(1): 70-80

Turrin, N.P.; Gayle, D.; Ilyin, S.E.; Flynn, M.C.; Langhans, W.; Schwartz, G.J.; Plata-Salamán, C.R. 2001: Pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokine mRNA induction in the periphery and brain following intraperitoneal administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide. Brain Research Bulletin 54(4): 443-453

Vadeboncoeur, N.; Segura, M.; Al-Numani, D.; Vanier, G.; Gottschalk, M. 2003: Pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine release by human brain microvascular endothelial cells stimulated by Streptococcus suis serotype 2. FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 35(1): 49-58

Gourieux, B.; Al-Okla, S.; Schöller-Guinard, M.; Klein, J.; Sibilia, J.; Wachsmann, D. 2001: Pro-inflammatory cytokine production by synoviocytes following exposure to protein I/II, a modulin from oral streptococci. FEMS Immunology and Medical Microbiology 30(1): 13-19

Koçak, I.; Dündar, M.; Yenisey, C.; Serter, M.; Günaydin, G. 2002: Pro-inflammatory cytokine response of the fluid contents of spermatoceles and epididymal cysts. Andrologia 34(2): 112-115

Peeters, A.C.; Netea, M.G.; Janssen, M.C.; Kullberg, B.J.; Van der Meer, J.W.; Thien, T. 2001: Pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with essential hypertension. European Journal of Clinical Investigation 31(1): 31-36

Bohlin, K.; Cotgreave, I.A. 1999: Pro-inflammatory cytokines increase the permeability of paracetamol across a human endothelial-smooth muscle cell bilayer model. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation 59(4): 259-266

McKay, S.; Bromhaar, M.M.; de Jongste, J.C.; Hoogsteden, H.C.; Saxena, P.R.; Sharma, H.S. 2001: Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce c-fos expression followed by IL-6 release in human airway smooth muscle cells. Mediators of Inflammation 10(3): 135-142

Watari, M.; Watari, H.; DiSanto, M.E.; Chacko, S.; Shi, G.P.; Strauss, J.F. 1999: Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce expression of matrix-metabolizing enzymes in human cervical smooth muscle cells. American Journal of Pathology 154(6): 1755-1762

Clerk, A.; Harrison, J.G.; Long, C.S.; Sugden, P.H. 1999: Pro-inflammatory cytokines stimulate mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamilies, increase phosphorylation of c-Jun and ATF2 and upregulate c-Jun protein in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology 31(12): 2087-2099

Desmots, F.; Rissel, M.; Gilot, D.; Lagadic-Gossmann, D.; Morel, F.; Guguen-Guillouzo, C.; Guillouzo, A.é; Loyer, P. 2002: Pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin-6 and survival factor epidermal growth factor positively regulate the murine GSTA4 enzyme in hepatocytes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(20): 17892-17900

Harada, N.; Nakayama, M.; Nakano, H.; Fukuchi, Y.; Yagita, H.; Okumura, K. 2002: Pro-inflammatory effect of TWEAK/Fn14 interaction on human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 299(3): 488-493

Paris, D.; Townsend, K.P.; Obregon, D.F.; Humphrey, J.; Mullan, M. 2002: Pro-inflammatory effect of freshly solubilized beta-amyloid peptides in the brain. Prostaglandins and Other Lipid Mediators 70(1-2): 1-12

Campbell, A.; Yang, E.Y.; Tsai-Turton, M.; Bondy, S.C. 2002: Pro-inflammatory effects of aluminum in human glioblastoma cells. Brain Research 933(1): 60-65

Viana, C.F.G.; Melo, D.H.; Carneiro-Filho, B.A.; Michelin, M.A.; Brito, G.A.C.; Cunha, F.Q.; Lima, A.A.M.; Ribeiro, R.A. 2002: Pro-inflammatory effects of cholera toxin: Role of tumor necrosis factor alpha. Toxicon: Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology 40(10): 1487-1494

Richards, P.J.; Amos, N.; Williams, A.S.; Williams, B.D. 1999: Pro-inflammatory effects of the aminobisphosphonate ibandronate in vitro and in vivo. Rheumatology 38(10): 984-991

Punzi, L.; Pozzuoli, A.; Pianon, M.; Bertazzolo, N.; Oliviero, F.; Scapinelli, R. 2001: Pro-inflammatory interleukins in the synovial fluid of rheumatoid arthritis associated with joint hypermobility. Rheumatology 40(2): 202-204

Makhseed, M.; Raghupathy, R.; El-Shazly, S.; Azizieh, F.; Al-Harmi, J.A.; Al-Azemi, M.M.K. 2003: Pro-inflammatory maternal cytokine profile in preterm delivery. American Journal of Reproductive Immunology 49(5): 308-318

Sharma, J.N.; Yusof, A.P. 1998: Pro-inflammatory properties of the kallikrein-kinin system: potential for new drug therapy. Inflammopharmacology 6(4): 289-296

Pichler, R.; Maschek, W.; Krieglsteiner, S.; Raml, A.; Schmekal, B.; Berg, Jörg. 2002: Pro-inflammatory role of serotonin and interleukin-6 in arthritis and spondyloarthropathies--measurement of disease activity by bone scan and effect of steroids. Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology 31(1): 41-43

Seymour, R.M.; Henderson, B. 2001: Pro-inflammatory--anti-inflammatory cytokine dynamics mediated by cytokine-receptor dynamics in monocytes. Ima Journal of Mathematics Applied in Medicine and Biology 18(2): 159-192

Yu, X.H.; Cao, C.Q.; Mennicken, F.; Puma, C.; Dray, A.; O'donnell, D.; Ahmad, S.; Perkins, M. 2003: Pro-nociceptive effects of neuromedin U in rat. Neuroscience 120(2): 467-474

Spinelli, N.; Vasseur, J.J.; Hayakawa, Y.; Imbach, J.L. 2001: Pro-oligonucleotide synthesis using allyl and allyloxycarbonyl protections: direct MALDI-TOF MS analysis on solid support. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 20(4-7): 947-950

Raffin-Sanson, M.L.; Ferré, F.; Coste, J.; Oliver, C.; Cabrol, D.; Bertagna, X. 2000: Pro-opiomelanocortin in human pregnancy: evolution of maternal plasma levels, concentrations in cord blood, amniotic fluid and at the feto-maternal interface. European Journal of Endocrinology 142(1): 53-59

Peters, E.M.; Tobin, D.J.; Seidah, N.G.; Schallreuter, K.U. 2000: Pro-opiomelanocortin-related peptides, prohormone convertases 1 and 2 and the regulatory peptide 7B2 are present in melanosomes of human melanocytes. Journal of Investigative Dermatology 114(3): 430-437

Black, H.S. 2002: Pro-oxidant and anti-oxidant mechanism(s) of BHT and beta-carotene in photocarcinogenesis. Frontiers in Bioscience: a Journal and Virtual Library 7: D1044-D1055

Kagan, V.E.; Kuzmenko, A.I.; Tyurina, Y.Y.; Shvedova, A.A.; Matsura, T.; Yalowich, J.C. 2001: Pro-oxidant and antioxidant mechanisms of etoposide in HL-60 cells: role of myeloperoxidase. Cancer Research 61(21): 7777-7784

Martínez, R.; Quintana, K.; Navarro, R.; Martín, César.; Hernández, M.Luisa.; Aurrekoetxea, I.; Ruiz-Sanz, Jé.Ignacio.; Lacort, M.; Ruiz-Larrea, M.Begoña. 2002: Pro-oxidant and antioxidant potential of catecholestrogens against ferrylmyoglobin-induced oxidative stress. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1583(2): 167-175

Jeney, V.ór.; Balla, J.óz.; Yachie, A.; Varga, Z.; Vercellotti, G.M.; Eaton, J.W.; Balla, G.ör. 2002: Pro-oxidant and cytotoxic effects of circulating heme. Blood 100(3): 879-887

Mastrocola, R.; Aragno, M.; Betteto, S.; Brignardello, E.; Catalano, M.G.; Danni, O.; Boccuzzi, G. 2003: Pro-oxidant effect of dehydroepiandrosterone in rats is mediated by PPAR activation. Life Sciences 73(3): 289-299

Sahu, S.C.; Flynn, T.J.; Bradlaw, J.A.; Roth, W.L.; Barton, C.N.; Yates, J.G. 2001: Pro-oxidant effects of the flavonoid myricetin on rat hepatocytes in culture. Toxicology Methods 11(4): 277-283

Ahsan, H.; Parveen, N.; Khan, N.U.; Hadi, S.M. 1999: Pro-oxidant, anti-oxidant and cleavage activities on DNA of curcumin and its derivatives demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin. Chemico-Biological Interactions 121(2): 161-175

Medina-Navarro, R.; Duran-Reyes, G.; Hicks, J.J. 1999: Pro-oxidating properties of melatonin in the in vitro interaction with the singlet oxygen. Endocrine Research 25(3-4): 263-280

Głebska, J.; Skolimowski, J.; Kudzin, Z.; Gwoździński, K.; Grzelak, A.; Bartosz, G. 2003: Pro-oxidative activity of nitroxides in their reactions with glutathione. Free Radical Biology and Medicine 35(3): 310-316

Rhee, K.S.; Ziprin, Y.A. 2001: Pro-oxidative effects of NaCl in microbial growth-controlled and uncontrolled beef and chicken. Meat Science 57(1): 105-112

Yen, G.-C.; Duh, P.-D.; Tsai, H.-L.; Huang, S.-L. 2003: Pro-oxidative properties of flavonoids in human lymphocytes. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 67(6): 1215-1222

Lu, B. 2003: Pro-region of neurotrophins: Role in synaptic modulation. Neuron 39(5): 735-738

Schroeder, F.; Frolov, A.; Starodub, O.; Atshaves, B.B.; Russell, W.; Petrescu, A.; Huang, H.; Gallegos, A.M.; McIntosh, A.; Tahotna, D.; Russell, D.H.; Billheimer, J.T.; Baum, C.L.; Kier, A.B. 2000: Pro-sterol carrier protein-2: role of the N-terminal presequence in structure, function, and peroxisomal targeting. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(33): 25547-25555

Scott, K.J.; Rodriquez Amaya, D. 2000: Pro-vitamin A carotenoid conversion factors: Retinol equivalents: Fact or fiction?. Food Chemistry 69(2): 125-127

Carraway, R.E.; Mitra, S.P.; Cochrane, D.E. 2000: Pro-xenopsin(s) in vesicles of mammalian brain, liver, stomach and intestine is apparently released into blood and cerebral spinal fluid. Regulatory Peptides 95(1-3): 115-124

Kao, W.H.Linda.; Coresh, J.; Shuldiner, A.R.; Boerwinkle, E.; Bray, M.S.; Brancati, F.L. 2003: Pro12Ala of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with lower serum insulin levels in nonobese African Americans: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Diabetes 52(6): 1568-1572

Paltoo, D.; Woodson, K.; Taylor, P.; Albanes, D.; Virtamo, J.; Tangrea, J. 2003: Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPAR-gamma) gene and risk of prostate cancer among men in a large cancer prevention study. Cancer Letters 191(1): 67-74

Stumvoll, M.; Wahl, H.G.; Löblein, K.; Becker, R.; Machicao, F.; Jacob, S.; Häring, H. 2001: Pro12Ala polymorphism in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 gene is associated with increased antilipolytic insulin sensitivity. Diabetes 50(4): 876-881

Mancini, F.P.; Vaccaro, O.; Sabatino, L.; Tufano, A.; Rivellese, A.A.; Riccardi, G.; Colantuoni, V. 1999: Pro12Ala substitution in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma2 is not associated with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes 48(7): 1466-1468

Black, J. 2003: Pro: Modafinil has a role in management of sleep apnea. American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 167(2): 105-6; discussion 108

Shaarawy, T.; Flammer, J. 2003: Pro: non-penetrating glaucoma surgery--a fair chance. Graefe's Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology 241(9): 699-702

Toulon, P.; Perez, P.; Demay, Y.; Dornon, O.; Adda, R. 1998: ProC Global: A new assay to evaluate the functionality of the protein C anticoagulant pathway: Preliminary results in 223 consecutive patients with a history of venous thromboembolism. Fibrinolysis and Proteolysis 12(6): 347-352

Huang, H.; Xiao, C.; Wu, C.H. 2000: ProClass protein family database. Nucleic Acids Research 28(1): 273-276

Sim, K.L.; Uchida, T.; Miyano, S. 2001: ProDDO: a database of disordered proteins from the Protein Data Bank (PDB). Bioinformatics 17(4): 379-380

Delamarter, R.B.; Fribourg, D.M.; Kanim, L.E.A.; Bae, H. 2003: ProDisc artificial total lumbar disc replacement: introduction and early results from the United States clinical trial. Spine 28(20): S167-S175

Kosano, H.; Okano, T.; Katsura, Y.; Noritake, M.; Kado, S.; Matsuoka, T.; Nishigori, H. 1999: ProMMP-9 (92 kDa gelatinase) in vitreous fluid of patients with proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Life Sciences 64(25): 2307-2315

Beattie, M.S.; Harrington, A.W.; Lee, R.; Kim, J.Young.; Boyce, S.L.; Longo, F.M.; Bresnahan, J.C.; Hempstead, B.L.; Yoon, S.Ok. 2002: ProNGF induces p75-mediated death of oligodendrocytes following spinal cord injury. Neuron 36(3): 375-386

Singh, H.; Raghava, G.P.S. 2003: ProPred1: Prediction of promiscuous MHC class-I binding sites. Bioinformatics 19(8): 1009-1014

Singh, H.; Raghava, G.P. 2001: ProPred: prediction of HLA-DR binding sites. Bioinformatics 17(12): 1236-1237

Feng, Y.n; Reznik, Sandra, E.; Fricker, Lloyd, D. 2002: ProSAAS and prohormone convertase 1 are broadly expressed during mouse development. Gene Expression Patterns 1(2): 135-140

Mzhavia, N.; Berman, Y.; Che, F.Y.; Fricker, L.D.; Devi, L.A. 2001: ProSAAS processing in mouse brain and pituitary. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(9): 6207-6213

Bockmann, J.; Kreutz, M.R.; Gundelfinger, E.D.; Böckers, T.M. 2002: ProSAP/Shank postsynaptic density proteins interact with insulin receptor tyrosine kinase substrate IRSp53. Journal of Neurochemistry 83(4): 1013-1017

Boeckers, T.M.; Bockmann, Jürgen.; Kreutz, M.R.; Gundelfinger, E.D. 2002: ProSAP/Shank proteins - a family of higher order organizing molecules of the postsynaptic density with an emerging role in human neurological disease. Journal of Neurochemistry 81(5): 903-910

Nicholls, M. 2001: ProSeal laryngeal mask airway use for prolonged middle ear surgery. British Journal of Anaesthesia 87(2): 323-324

Evans, N.R.; Gardner, S.V.; James, M.F.M. 2002: ProSeal laryngeal mask protects against aspiration of fluid in the pharynx. British Journal of Anaesthesia 88(4): 584-587

Lu, P.P.; Brimacombe, J.; Yang, C.; Shyr, M. 2002: ProSeal versus the Classic laryngeal mask airway for positive pressure ventilation during laparoscopic cholecystectomy. British Journal of Anaesthesia 88(6): 824-827

Rehman, K.; Wingertzahn, M.A.; Harper, R.G.; Wapnir, R.A. 2001: Proabsorptive action of gum arabic: regulation of nitric oxide metabolism in the basolateral potassium channel of the small intestine. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 32(5): 529-533

Salmivalli, C.; Nieminen, E. 2002: Proactive and reactive aggression among school bullies, victims, and bully-victims. Aggressive Behavior 28(1): 30-44

McMartin, K.I.; Koren, G. 1999: Proactive approach for the evaluation of fetal safety in chemical industries. Teratology 60(3): 130-136

Yanos, P.T. 2001: Proactive coping among persons diagnosed with severe mental illness: an exploratory study. Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 189(2): 121-123

Zacharko, R.M.; MacNeil, G.; Mendella, P.D.; Hebb, A.L. 1999: Proactive influence of a surgical stressor on locomotor activity, exploration and anxiety-related behaviour following acute footshock in the mouse. Brain Research Bulletin 48(3): 283-290

Amundson, J.C.; Escobar, M.; Miller, R.R. 2003: Proactive interference between cues trained with a common outcome in first-order Pavlovian conditioning. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes 29(4): 311-322

Ruusuvirta, T. 2000: Proactive interference of a sequence of tones in a two-tone pitch comparison task. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 7(2): 327-331

Hampton, R.R.; Shettleworth, S.J.; Westwood, R.P. 1998: Proactive interference, recency, and associative strength: Comparisons of black-capped chickadees and dark-eyed juncos. Animal Learning and Behavior 26(4): 475-485

Cross, S.S.; Stone, J.L. 2002: Proactive management of histopathology workloads: analysis of the UK Royal College of Pathologists' recommendations on specimens of limited or no clinical value on the workload of a teaching hospital gastrointestinal pathology service. Journal of Clinical Pathology 55(11): 850-852

Davies, P. 2002: Proactive medicine is better option. BMJ 324(7335): 487

Goldstein, S.L.; Allsteadt, A.; Smith, C.M.; Currier, H. 2002: Proactive monitoring of pediatric hemodialysis vascular access: effects of ultrasound dilution on thrombosis rates. Kidney International 62(1): 272-275

Wilzbach, M., A.; Mather, M., E.; Folt, C., L.; Moore, A.; Naiman, R., J.; Youngson, A., F.; Mcmenemy, J. 1998: Proactive responses to human impacts that balance development and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) conservation: An integrative model. Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 55(Suppl 1): 288-302

Bortnichak, E.A.; Wise, R.P.; Salive, M.E.; Tilson, H.H. 2001: Proactive safety surveillance. Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety 10(3): 191-196

Kozak, W.; Mayfield, K., P.; Kozak, A.; Kluger, M., J. 2000: Proadifen (SKF-525A), an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450, augments LPS-induced fever and exacerbates prostaglandin-E2 levels in the rat. Journal of Thermal Biology 25(1-2): 45-50

Ohinata, K.; Inui, A.; Asakawa, A.; Wada, K.; Wada, E.; Yoshikawa, M. 2000: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) elevates blood glucose levels via bombesin receptor in mice. FEBS Letters 473(2): 207-211

Rebuffat, P.; Gottardo, L.; Malendowicz, L., K.; Neri, G.; Nussdorfer, G., G. 2001: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) enhances proliferation of rat zona glomerulosa cells by activating MAPK cascade. Peptides (New York) 22(11): 1909-1912

Belloni, A.S.; Rossi, G.P.; Andreis, P.G.; Aragona, F.; Champion, H.C.; Kadowitz, P.J.; Murphy, W.A.; Coy, D.H.; Nussdorfer, G.G. 1999: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP), acting through PAMP(12-20)-sensitive receptors, inhibits Ca2+-dependent, agonist-stimulated secretion of human adrenal glands. Hypertension 33(5): 1185-1189

Takano, K.; Fujita, T. 1999: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide hyperpolarizes the membrane by activating an inwardly rectifying K+ current in differentiated PC12 cells. Circulation Research 84(4): 445-450

Samson, W.K.; Murphy, T.C.; Resch, Z.T. 1998: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide inhibits adrenocorticotropin secretion from cultured pituitary cells, possibly via activation of a potassium channel. Endocrine 9(3): 269-272

Mahata, M.; Mahata, S.K.; Parmer, R.J.; O'Connor, D.T. 1998: Proadrenomedullin N-terminal 20 peptide: minimal active region to regulate nicotinic receptors. Hypertension 32(5): 907-916

Moody, T.W.; Coy, D.; Cuttitta, F.; Montuenga, L.M. 2000: Proadrenomedullin NH(2)-terminal 20 peptide (PAMP) and adrenomedullin bind to teratocarcinoma cells. Peptides 21(1): 101-107

Belloni, A.S.; Albertin, G.; Forneris, M.L.; Nussdorfer, G.G. 2001: Proadrenomedullin-derived peptides as autocrine-paracrine regulators of cell growth. Histology and Histopathology 16(4): 1263-1274

Peigne, S. 1999: Proailurus, one of the oldest Felidae (Carnivora) from Eurasia: Systematics and evolution. Bulletin de la Societe d'Histoire Naturelle de Toulouse 135: 125-134

Silvestre, J.S.; Bergaya, S.; Tamarat, R.; Duriez, M.; Boulanger, C.M.; Levy, B.I. 2001: Proangiogenic effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition is mediated by the bradykinin B(2) receptor pathway. Circulation Research 89(8): 678-683

Reinders, M.E.J.; Sho, M.; Robertson, S.W.; Geehan, C.S.; Briscoe, D.M. 2003: Proangiogenic function of CD40 ligand-CD40 interactions. Journal of Immunology 171(3): 1534-1541

Giuliani, N.; Colla, S.; Lazzaretti, M.; Sala, R.; Roti, G.; Mancini, C.; Bonomini, S.; Lunghi, P.; Hojden, M.; Genestreti, G.; Svaldi, M.; Coser, P.; Fattori, P.Paolo.; Sammarelli, G.; Gazzola, G.Carlo.; Bataille, R.; Almici, C.; Caramatti, C.; Mangoni, L.; Rizzoli, V. 2003: Proangiogenic properties of human myeloma cells: production of angiopoietin-1 and its potential relationship to myeloma-induced angiogenesis. Blood 102(2): 638-645

Olaso, E.; Salado, C.; Egilegor, E.; Gutierrez, V.; Santisteban, A.; Sancho-Bru, P.; Friedman, S.L.; Vidal-Vanaclocha, F. 2003: Proangiogenic role of tumor-activated hepatic stellate cells in experimental melanoma metastasis. Hepatology 37(3): 674-685

Tanner, G.J.; Francki, K.T.; Abrahams, S.; Watson, J.M.; Larkin, P.J.; Ashton, A.R. 2003: Proanthocyanidin biosynthesis in plants. Purification of legume leucoanthocyanidin reductase and molecular cloning of its cDNA. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(34): 31647-31656

Mateus, N.; Marques, S.; Goncalves, A., C.; Machado, J., M.; De-Freitas, V. 2001: Proanthocyanidin composition of red Vitis vinifera varieties from the Douro Valley during ripening: Influence of cultivation altitude. American Journal of Enology and Viticulture 52(2): 115-121

Yamakoshi, J.; Kataoka, S.; Koga, T.; Ariga, T. 1999: Proanthocyanidin-rich extract from grape seeds attenuates the development of aortic atherosclerosis in cholesterol-fed rabbits. Atherosclerosis 142(1): 139-149

Han, B.; Jaurequi, J.; Tang, B.W.; Nimni, M.E. 2003: Proanthocyanidin: a natural crosslinking reagent for stabilizing collagen matrices. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research. Part a 65(1): 118-124

Kolodziej, H.; Kayser, O.; Kiderlen, A.F.; Ito, H.; Hatano, T.; Yoshida, T.; Foo, L.Y. 2001: Proanthocyanidins and related compounds: antileishmanial activity and modulatory effects on nitric oxide and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-release in the murine macrophage-like cell line RAW 264.7. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 24(9): 1016-1021

Santos Buelga, C.; Scalbert, A. 2000: Proanthocyanidins and tannin-like compounds - Nature, occurrence, dietary intake and effects on nutrition and health. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture 80(7): 1094-1117

Tamagawa, K.; Fukushima, S.; Kobori, M.; Shinmoto, H.; Tsushida, T. 1998: Proanthocyanidins from barley bran potentiate retinoic acid-induced granulocytic and sodium butyrate-induced monocytic differentiation of HL60 cells. Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry 62(8): 1483-1487

Durant, S.; Geutskens, S.; Van Blokland, S.C.A.; Coulaud, J.; Alves, Véronique.; Pleau, J-Marie.; Versnel, M.; Drexhage, H.A.; Homo-Delarche, Fçoise. 2003: Proapoptosis and antiapoptosis-related molecules during postnatal pancreas development in control and nonobese diabetic mice: Relationship with innervation. Laboratory Investigation; a Journal of Technical Methods and Pathology 83(2): 227-239

Wei, M.C.; Zong, W.X.; Cheng, E.H.; Lindsten, T.; Panoutsakopoulou, V.; Ross, A.J.; Roth, K.A.; MacGregor, G.R.; Thompson, C.B.; Korsmeyer, S.J. 2001: Proapoptotic BAX and BAK: a requisite gateway to mitochondrial dysfunction and death. Science 292(5517): 727-730

Shimizu, S.; Tsujimoto, Y. 2000: Proapoptotic BH3-only Bcl-2 family members induce cytochrome c release, but not mitochondrial membrane potential loss, and do not directly modulate voltage-dependent anion channel activity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 97(2): 577-582

Thomas, D.; Yang, H.; Boffa, D.J.; Ding, R.; Sharma, V.K.; Lagman, M.; Li, B.; Hering, B.; Mohanakumar, T.; Lakey, J.; Kapur, S.; Hancock, W.W.; Suthanthiran, M. 2002: Proapoptotic Bax is hyperexpressed in isolated human islets compared with antiapoptotic Bcl-2. Transplantation 74(11): 1489-1496

Lorz, C.; Ortiz, A.; Justo, P.; González-Cuadrado, S.; Duque, N.; Gómez-Guerrero, C.; Egido, J.ús. 2000: Proapoptotic Fas ligand is expressed by normal kidney tubular epithelium and injured glomeruli. Journal of the American Society of Nephrology: Jasn 11(7): 1266-1277

Kern, M.A.é; Schubert, D.; Sahi, D.; Schöneweiss, M.M.; Moll, I.; Haugg, A.M.; Dienes, H.P.; Breuhahn, K.; Schirmacher, P. 2002: Proapoptotic and antiproliferative potential of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors in human liver tumor cells. Hepatology 36(4 Part 1): 885-894

Tea, B.S.; Der Sarkissian, S.; Touyz, R.M.; Hamet, P.; deBlois, D. 2000: Proapoptotic and growth-inhibitory role of angiotensin Ii type 2 receptor in vascular smooth muscle cells of spontaneously hypertensive rats in vivo. Hypertension 35(5): 1069-1073

Myers, C.; Koki, A.; Pamukcu, R.; Wechter, W.; Padley, R.J. 2001: Proapoptotic anti-inflammatory drugs. Urology 57(4 Suppl 1): 73-76

Kandouz, M.; Lombet, A.; Perrot, J.Y.; Jacob, D.; Carvajal, S.; Kazem, A.; Rostene, W.; Therwath, A.; Gompel, A. 1999: Proapoptotic effects of antiestrogens, progestins and androgen in breast cancer cells. Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 69(1-6): 463-471

Chung, C.W.; Song, Y.H.; Kim, I.K.; Yoon, W.J.; Ryu, B.R.; Jo, D.G.; Woo, H.N.; Kwon, Y.K.; Kim, H.H.; Gwag, B.J.; Mook-Jung, I.H.; Jung, Y.K. 2001: Proapoptotic effects of tau cleavage product generated by caspase-3. Neurobiology of Disease 8(1): 162-172

Lopez, C.D.; Ao, Y.; Rohde, L.H.; Perez, T.D.; O'Connor, D.J.; Lu, X.; Ford, J.M.; Naumovski, L. 2000: Proapoptotic p53-interacting protein 53BP2 is induced by UV irradiation but suppressed by p53. Molecular and Cellular Biology 20(21): 8018-8025

Morelli, Anna; Ferrari, Davide; Bolognesi, Giorgio; Rizzuto, Rosario; Di-Virgilio, Francesco 2001: Proapoptotic plasma membrane pore: P2X7 receptor. Drug Development Research 52(4): 571-578

Ishitani, R.; Tajima, H.; Takata, H.; Tsuchiya, K.; Kuwae, T.; Yamada, M.; Takahashi, H.; Tatton, N.A.; Katsube, N. 2003: Proapoptotic protein glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase: a possible site of action of antiapoptotic drugs. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry 27(2): 291-301

Friedman, P.L.; Stevenson, W.G. 1998: Proarrhythmia. American Journal of Cardiology 82(8A): 50N-58N

Chiba, K.; Sugiyama, A.; Satoh, Y.; Shiina, H.; Hashimoto, K. 2000: Proarrhythmic effects of fluoroquinolone antibacterial agents: in vivo effects as physiologic substrate for torsades. Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology 169(1): 8-16

Akie, Y.; Ni, C.; Aye, N.N.; Xue, Y.X.; Hashimoto, K. 2000: Proarrhythmic effects of four Class III antiarrhythmic drugs, MS-551, sematilide, dofetilide and KCB328, examined using ambulatory ECG. Asia Pacific Journal of Pharmacology 14(3): 101-109

Farkas, A.ás.; Leprán, I.án.; Papp, J.G. 2002: Proarrhythmic effects of intravenous quinidine, amiodarone, D-sotalol, and almokalant in the anesthetized rabbit model of torsade de pointes. Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 39(2): 287-297

Kontschan, J. 2001: Proasellus pribenicensis Flasarova, 1977 (Crustacea: Isopoda, Asellota), a magyar faunara uj vizi aszka a Cserehatbol. Folia Entomologica Hungarica 62: 319-414

Moghadasian, M.H.; McManus, B.M.; Godin, D.V.; Rodrigues, B.; Frohlich, J.J. 1999: Proatherogenic and antiatherogenic effects of probucol and phytosterols in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice: possible mechanisms of action. Circulation 99(13): 1733-1739

Virella, G.; Atchley, D.; Koskinen, S.; Zheng, D.; Lopes-Virella, M.F. 2002: Proatherogenic and proinflammatory properties of immune complexes prepared with purified human oxLDL antibodies and human oxLDL. Clinical Immunology 105(1): 81-92

Freyberg, M.A.; Kaiser, D.; Graf, R.; Buttenbender, J.; Friedl, P. 2001: Proatherogenic flow conditions initiate endothelial apoptosis via thrombospondin-1 and the integrin-associated protein. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 286(1): 141-149

Czuszynska, Z.; Hebanowski, M. 2000: Proba oceny wiedzy z reumatologii u studentow akademii medycznej w Gdansku i lekarzy pierwszego kontaktu jako uzasadnienie potrzeby zmian w programie nauczania dla lekarzy rodzinnych. Reumatologia 38(4): 393-404

Rokosz, A.; Aleksandrowicz, J.; Fiejka, M.; Gorska, P.; Meisel-Mikolajczyk, F.; Luczak, M. 2001: Proba zastosowania testu bet (LAL) do oznaczenia biologicznej aktywnosci lipopolisacharydow i wielocukrow otoczkowych Bacteroides fragilis i Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron. Medycyna Doswiadczalna i Mikrobiologia 53(4): 387-394

Shmulevich, I.; Dougherty, E.R.; Kim, S.; Zhang, W. 2002: Probabilistic Boolean networks: A rule-based uncertainty model for gene regulatory networks. Bioinformatics 18(2): 261-274

Gonnet, P.; Lisacek, Fédérique. 2002: Probabilistic alignment of motifs with sequences. Bioinformatics 18(8): 1091-1101

Vogl, C.; Badger, J.; Kearney, P.; Li, M.; Clegg, M.; Jiang, T. 2003: Probabilistic analysis indicates discordant gene trees in chloroplast evolution. Journal of Molecular Evolution 56(3): 330-340

Frank, L.R.; Buxton, R.B.; Wong, E.C. 1998: Probabilistic analysis of functional magnetic resonance imaging data. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 39(1): 132-148

Lee, W.C. 1999: Probabilistic analysis of global performances of diagnostic tests: Interpreting the Lorenz curve-based summary measures. Statistics in Medicine 18(4): 455-471

Warrick, A.W.; Young, M.H.; Wierenga, P.J. 1998: Probabilistic analysis of monitoring systems for detecting subsurface contaminant plumes. Ground Water 36(6): 894-900

Reinert, G.; Schbath, S.; Waterman, M.S. 2000: Probabilistic and statistical properties of words: an overview. Journal of Computational Biology: a Journal of Computational Molecular Cell Biology 7(1-2): 1-46

Bailey, W.H.; Su, S.H.; Dan Bracken, T. 1999: Probabilistic approach to ranking sources of uncertainty in ELF magnetic field exposure limits. Health Physics 77(3): 282-290

Manca, D.; Walker, R.M.; Krishna, G.; Graziano, M.J.; Kropko, M.L. 1999: Probabilistic approach to the establishment of maximal content limits of impurities in drug formulations: the case of parenteral diphenylhydantoic acid. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology: Rtp 29(1): 1-14

Toga, A.W.; Thompson, P.M.; Mega, M.S.; Narr, K.L.; Blanton, R.E. 2001: Probabilistic approaches for atlasing normal and disease-specific brain variability. Anatomy and Embryology 204(4): 267-282

Scheringer, M.; Steinbach, D.; Escher, B.; Hungerbühler, K. 2002: Probabilistic approaches in the effect assessment of toxic chemicals. What are the benefits and limitations?. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International 9(5): 307-314

Lanzer, A.T.S.; Pillar, V.D. 2002: Probabilistic cellular automaton: Model and application to vegetation dynamics. Community Ecology 3(2): 159-167

Goodall, D.W. 2002: Probabilistic classification and its application to vegetation science. Community Ecology 3(2): 147-157

Kéri, S.; Szlobodnyik, C.; Benedek, Görgy.; Janka, Zán.; Gádoros, Júlia. 2002: Probabilistic classification learning in Tourette syndrome. Neuropsychologia 40(8): 1356-1362

Burgman, M.A.; Keith, D.A.; Rohlf, F.J.; Todd, C.R. 1999: Probabilistic classification rules for setting conservation priorities. Biological Conservation 89(2): 227-231

Hangartner, R.D.; Cull, P. 2000: Probabilistic computation by neuromine networks. Biosystems 58(1-3): 167-176

Wang, X-Jing. 2002: Probabilistic decision making by slow reverberation in cortical circuits. Neuron 36(5): 955-968

D.G.etano, A.; Arino, O. 1999: Probabilistic determination of stability for a delay-differential model of the glucose-insulin dynamical system. Journal of Biological Systems 7(2): 131-144

Mortera, J.; Dawid, A.P.; Lauritzen, S.L. 2003: Probabilistic expert systems for DNA mixture profiling. Theoretical Population Biology 63(3): 191-205

Mitchell, M.; Campbell, C. 2001: Probabilistic exposure assessment of operator and residential exposure; a canadian regulatory perspective. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 45(Suppl): S43-S47

Lunchick, C. 2001: Probabilistic exposure assessment of operator and residential non-dietary exposure. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 45(Suppl): S29-S42

Sanderson, H.; Johnson, D.J.; Wilson, C.J.; Brain, R.A.; Solomon, K.R. 2003: Probabilistic hazard assessment of environmentally occurring pharmaceuticals toxicity to fish, daphnids and algae by ECOSAR screening. Toxicology Letters 144(3): 383-395

Deutsch, A.; Lawniczak, A.T. 1999: Probabilistic lattice models of collective motion and aggregation: From individual to collective dynamics. Mathematical Biosciences 156(1-2): 255-269

Swainson, R.; Rogers, R.D.; Sahakian, B.J.; Summers, B.A.; Polkey, C.E.; Robbins, T.W. 2000: Probabilistic learning and reversal deficits in patients with Parkinson's disease or frontal or temporal lobe lesions: Possible adverse effects of dopaminergic medication. Neuropsychologia 38(5): 596-612

Rademacher, J.; Morosan, P.; Schormann, T.; Schleicher, A.; Werner, C.; Freund, H.J.; Zilles, K. 2001: Probabilistic mapping and volume measurement of human primary auditory cortex. Neuroimage 13(4): 669-683

Bielak, L.F.; Rumberger, J.A.; Sheedy, P.F.; Schwartz, R.S.; Peyser, P.A. 2000: Probabilistic model for prediction of angiographically defined obstructive coronary artery disease using electron beam computed tomography calcium score strata. Circulation 102(4): 380-385

López-Malo, A.; Guerrero, S.; Alzamora, S.M. 2000: Probabilistic modeling of Saccharomyces cerevisiae inhibition under the effects of water activity, pH, and potassium sorbate concentration. Journal of Food Protection 63(1): 91-95

Guy, R.D.; Fogelson, A.L. 2002: Probabilistic modeling of platelet aggregation: Effects of activation time and receptor occupancy. Journal of Theoretical Biology 219(1): 33-53

Long, M.; Goldsmith, H.L.; Tees, D.F.; Zhu, C. 1999: Probabilistic modeling of shear-induced formation and breakage of doublets cross-linked by receptor-ligand bonds. Biophysical Journal 76(2): 1112-1128

Fahlman, A.; Kayar, S.R. 2003: Probabilistic modelling for estimating gas kinetics and decompression sickness risk in pigs during H2 biochemical decompression. Bulletin of Mathematical Biology 65(4): 747-766

Petersen, B.J. 2000: Probabilistic modelling: theory and practice. Food Additives and Contaminants 17(7): 591-599

Banks, S.M.; Pandiani, J.A. 2001: Probabilistic population estimation of the size and overlap of data sets based on date of birth. Statistics in Medicine 20(9-10): 1421-1430

Graber, J.H.; McAllister, G.D.; Smith, T.F. 2002: Probabilistic prediction of Saccharomyces cerevisiae mRNA 3'-processing sites. Nucleic Acids Research 30(8): 1851-1858

Shoemaker, C.A.; Willis, M.; Benekos, I. 2002: Probabilistic risk and sensitivity analysis for a model of enhanced anaerobic bioremediation of chlorinated ethenes. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Geologica 46(2-3): 302-305

Schwacke, L.H.; Voit, E.O.; Hansen, L.J.; Wells, R.S.; Mitchum, G.B.; Hohn, A.A.; Fair, P.A. 2002: Probabilistic risk assessment of reproductive effects of polychlorinated biphenyls on bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) from the southeast United States coast. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 21(12): 2752-2764

Sielken, R.L.Jr; Valdez Flores, C. 1999: Probabilistic risk assessment's use of trees and distributions to reflect uncertainty and variability and to overcome the limitations of default assumptions. Environment International 25(6-7): 755-772

Feldman, H.J.; Hogue, C.W.V. 2002: Probabilistic sampling of protein conformations: New hope for brute force?. Proteins 46(1): 8-23

Mittelman, D.; Sadreyev, R.; Grishin, N. 2003: Probabilistic scoring measures for profile-profile comparison yield more accurate short seed alignments. Bioinformatics 19(12): 1531-1539

Ranta, J.; Penttinen, A. 2000: Probabilistic small area risk assessment using GIS-based data: A case study on Finnish childhood diabetes. Statistics in Medicine 19(17-18): 2345-2359, 15 September- 30 September

Goldberg, D.H.; Cauwenberghs, G.; Andreou, A.G. 2001: Probabilistic synaptic weighting in a reconfigurable network of VLSI integrate-and-fire neurons. Neural Networks: the Official Journal of the International Neural Network Society 14(6-7): 781-793

Oaksford, M.; Chater, N.; Larkin, J. 2000: Probabilities and polarity biases in conditional inference. Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning Memory and Cognition 26(4): 883-899

Raab, S.S. 2000: Probabilities in the cytologic diagnosis of thyroid gland lesions. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 113(6): 765-768

John, U.; Meyer, C.; Rumpf, H-Jürgen.; Hapke, U. 2003: Probabilities of alcohol high-risk drinking, abuse or dependence estimated on grounds of tobacco smoking and nicotine dependence. Addiction 98(6): 805-814

Nakajima, T. 2003: Probabilities of encounters between objects in biological systems 2: Cognizer view. Journal of Theoretical Biology 221(1): 39-51

Nakajima, T. 2001: Probabilities of encounters between objects in biological systems: meta-observer view. Journal of Theoretical Biology 211(4): 347-363

Wu, H.; Yang, T.C. 2001: Probabilities of radiation-induced inter- and intrachromosomal exchanges and their dependence on the DNA content of the chromosome. Radiation Research 156(5 Part 2): 603-606

Kwong, P.D.; Wyatt, R.; Desjardins, E.; Robinson, J.; Culp, J.S.; Hellmig, B.D.; Sweet, R.W.; Sodroski, J.; Hendrickson, W.A. 1999: Probability analysis of variational crystallization and its application to gp120, the exterior envelope glycoprotein of type 1 human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1). Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(7): 4115-4123

Carroll, T.ás.A.; Pinnick, H.A.; Carroll, W.E. 2003: Probability and the Westgard Rules. Annals of Clinical and Laboratory Science 33(1): 113-114

Baggerly, K.A. 2001: Probability binning and testing agreement between multivariate immunofluorescence histograms: Extending the chi-squared test. Cytometry 45(2): 141-150

Roederer, M.; Moore, W.; Treister, A.; Hardy, R.R.; Herzenberg, L.A. 2001: Probability binning comparison: A metric for quantitating multivariate distribution differences. Cytometry 45(1): 47-55

Roederer, M.; Treister, A.; Moore, W.; Herzenberg, L.A. 2001: Probability binning comparison: A metric for quantitating univariate distribution differences. Cytometry 45(1): 37-46

Kuehl, N.; Gebhardt, C.; Litt, T.; Hense, A. 2002: Probability density functions as botanical-climatological transfer functions for climate reconstruction. Quaternary Research 58(3): 381-392

Gurevich, K.G.; Varfolomeev, S.D. 1999: Probability description of ligand-receptor interactions. Evaluation of reliability of events with small and supersmall doses. I. Kinetics of ligand-receptor interactions. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 64(9): 1038-1048

Mcdaniel, M.; Snell, T.W. 1999: Probability distributions of toxicant sensitivity for freshwater Rotifer species. Environmental Toxicology 14(3): 361-366

Gruber, F.A. 1999: Probability estimates and paths to consonant normalization in children with speech delay. Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research: Jslhr 42(2): 448-459

Hume, D.A. 2000: Probability in transcriptional regulation and its implications for leukocyte differentiation and inducible gene expression. Blood 96(7): 2323-2328

Fingelkurts, A.A.; Fingelkurts, A.A.; Krause, C.M.; Sams, M. 2002: Probability interrelations between pre-/post-stimulus intervals and ERD/ERS during a memory task. Clinical Neurophysiology: Official Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Neurophysiology 113(6): 826-843

Lagnado, D.A.; Shanks, D.R. 2002: Probability judgment in hierarchical learning: A conflict between predictiveness and coherence. Cognition 83(1): 81-112

Saeki, D. 1999: Probability learning in golden hamsters. Japanese Journal of Animal Psychology 49(1): 41-47

Egorov, A.Y.; Afanas'ev, S.V.; Nikolaenko, N.N.; Agibalov, A.K.; Gritsyshina, M.A. 1999: Probability lexicon structure in Mental Disorders: Association with features of hemispheric interaction. Fiziologiya Cheloveka 25(4): 19-25

Gray, R.H.; Wawer, M.J.; Brookmeyer, R.; Sewankambo, N.K.; Serwadda, D.; Wabwire-Mangen, F.; Lutalo, T.; Li, X.; vanCott, T.; Quinn, T.C. 2001: Probability of HIV-1 transmission per coital act in monogamous, heterosexual, HIV-1-discordant couples in Rakai, Uganda. Lancet 357(9263): 1149-1153

Baratz, K.H.; Cook, B.E.; Hodge, D.O. 2001: Probability of Nd:YAG laser capsulotomy after cataract surgery in Olmsted County, Minnesota. American Journal of Ophthalmology 131(2): 161-166

Eikermann, M.; Renzing-Köhler, K.; Peters, J. 2001: Probability of acceptable intubation conditions with low dose rocuronium during light sevoflurane anaesthesia in children. Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica 45(8): 1036-1041

van Schaik, G.; Schukken, Y.H.; Nielen, M.; Dijkhuizen, A.A.; Barkema, H.W.; Benedictus, G. 2002: Probability of and risk factors for introduction of infectious diseases into Dutch SPF dairy farms: a cohort study. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 54(3): 279-289

Frohn, C.; Dümbgen, L.; Brand, Jörg-Matthias.; Görg, S.; Luhm, Jürgen.; Kirchner, H. 2003: Probability of anti-D development in D- patients receiving D+ RBCs. Transfusion 43(7): 893-898

Evans, D.G.; Lye, R.; Neary, W.; Black, G.; Strachan, T.; Wallace, A.; Ramsden, R.T. 1999: Probability of bilateral disease in people presenting with a unilateral vestibular schwannoma. Journal of Neurology Neurosurgery and Psychiatry 66(6): 764-767

Blok, J. 2000: Probability of biodegradation, a novel concept for improving chemical classification and risk assessment. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 47(3): 221-230

Mack, D.E.; Raphael, M.G.; Laake, J.L. 2002: Probability of detecting marbled murrelets at sea: Effects of single versus paired observers. Journal of Wildlife Management 66(3): 865-873

Hattenhauer, M.G.; Johnson, D.H.; Ing, H.H.; Hodge, D.O.; Butterfield, L.C.; Herman, D.C.; Gray, D.T. 1999: Probability of filtration surgery in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Archives of Ophthalmology 117(9): 1211-1215

Oh, H.B.; Kim, S.I.; Park, M.H.; Akaza, T.; Juji, T. 1999: Probability of finding HLA-matched unrelated marrow donors for Koreans and Japanese from the Korean and Japan Marrow Donor Programs. Tissue Antigens 53(4 Pt 1): 347-349

Beatty, P.G.; Boucher, K.M.; Mori, M.; Milford, E.L. 2000: Probability of finding HLA-mismatched related or unrelated marrow or cord blood donors. Human Immunology 61(8): 834-840

Ward, D.J.; Lamont, B.B. 2000: Probability of grasstrees (Xanthorrhoea preissii) flowering after fire. Journal of the Royal Society of Western Australia 83(1): 13-16

Tanaka, Y.; Sasaki, Y.; Katayama, K.; Hiramatsu, N.; Ito, A.; Murata, H.; Enomoto, N.; Oshita, M.; Mochizuki, K.; Tsujii, M.; Tsuji, S.; Kasahara, A.; Tomoda, K.; Nakamura, H.; Hayashi, N.; Hori, M. 2000: Probability of hepatocellular carcinoma of small hepatocellular nodules undetectable by computed tomography during arterial portography. Hepatology 31(4): 890-898

Waterman, F.M.; Dicker, A.P. 2003: Probability of late rectal morbidity in 125I prostate brachytherapy. International Journal of Radiation Oncology Biology Physics 55(2): 342-353

Franke, C.; Brinker, G.; Pillekamp, F.; Hoehn, M. 2000: Probability of metabolic tissue recovery after thrombolytic treatment of experimental stroke: a magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study in rat brain. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism: Official Journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism 20(3): 583-591

Testa, R.; Giannini, E.; Picciotto, A.; Risso, D.; Caglieris, S.; Fasoli, A.; Lantieri, P.B.; Icardi, G.C.; Lapertosa, G.; Celle, G. 1999: Probability of non-response during interferon therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Hepato-Gastroenterology 46(27): 1928-1936

Vessella, R.L.; Lange, P.H.; Partin, A.W.; Chan, D.W.; Sokoll, L.J.; Sasse, E.A.; Crawford, E.D. 2000: Probability of prostate cancer detection based on results of a multicenter study using the AxSYM Free PSA and Total PSA assays. Urology 55(6): 909-914

Anonymous 2002: Probability of receiving testing in a national lookback program: the English HCV experience. Transfusion 42(9): 1140-1145

Kwakkel, G.; Kollen, B.J.; van der Grond, J.; Prevo, A.J.H. 2003: Probability of regaining dexterity in the flaccid upper limb: impact of severity of paresis and time since onset in acute stroke. Stroke 34(9): 2181-2186

Dennis, R.L.H.; Eales, H.T. 1999: Probability of site occupancy in the large health butterfly Coenonympha tullia determined from geographical and ecological data. Biological Conservation 87(3): 295-301

Hauser, R.; Botchan, A.; Yogev, L.; Gamzu, R.; Ben Yosef, D.; Lessing, J.B.; Amit, A.; Yavetz, H. 2002: Probability of sperm detection in nonobstructive azoospermic men undergoing testicular sperm extraction procedures unrelated to clinical parameters. Archives of Andrology 48(4): 301-305

Arntzen, E.; Holth, P. 2000: Probability of stimulus equivalence as a function of class size vs. number of classes. Psychological Record 50(1): 79-104

Wissler, E.H. 2003: Probability of survival during accidental immersion in cold water. Aviation Space and Environmental Medicine 74(1): 47-55

Kaplan, A.Y.; Fingel'kurts, A.A.; Fingel'kurts, A.A.; Ivashko, R.M. 1998: Probability patterns of narrow-band differential spectra of human EEG during memorization. Fiziologiya Cheloveka 24(4): 75-85

Ost, L.G.; Csatlos, P. 2000: Probability ratings in claustrophobic patients and normal controls. Behaviour Research and Therapy 38(11): 1107-1116

Meese, T.S.; Williams, C.B. 2000: Probability summation for multiple patches of luminance modulation. Vision Research 40(16): 2101-2113

Nowak, R.S.; Nowak, C.L.; Tausch, R.J. 2000: Probability that a fossil absent from a sample is also absent from the paleolandscape. Quaternary Research 54(1): 144-154

Trost, D.C.; Hu, M.; Brailey, A.G.; Hoffman, J.M. 2002: Probability-based construction of reference ranges for ratios of log-gaussian analytes: an example from automated leukocyte counts. American Journal of Clinical Pathology 117(6): 851-856

Perkins, D.N.; Pappin, D.J.; Creasy, D.M.; Cottrell, J.S. 1999: Probability-based protein identification by searching sequence databases using mass spectrometry data. Electrophoresis 20(18): 3551-3567

Wang, Y.; Jardetzky, O. 2002: Probability-based protein secondary structure identification using combined NMR chemical-shift data. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 11(4): 852-861

Klein, C.M.; Bosch, E.P.; Dyck, P.J. 2000: Probable adult polyglucosan body disease. Mayo Clinic Proceedings 75(12): 1327-1331

Dalibon, N.; Stern, M.; Bonnette, P.; Dreyfus, G.; Fischler, M. 2002: Probable allergic reaction to cyclosporin and early formation of thrombi on a pulmonary artery catheter: two unusual complications during bilateral lung transplantation. British Journal of Anaesthesia 89(6): 930-933

Guglielmino, C.R.; De-Silvestri, A.; Beres, J. 2000: Probable ancestors of Hungarian ethnic groups: An admixture analysis. Annals of Human Genetics 64(2): 145-159

Mulhern, D.M. 2002: Probable case of Binder syndrome in a skeleton from Quarai, new Mexico. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 118(4): 371-377

Khazan, M.; Mathis, A.Scott. 2002: Probable case of torsades de pointes induced by fluconazole. Pharmacotherapy 22(12): 1632-1637

Dixon, A.J.; Wall, G.C. 2001: Probable colchicine-induced neutropenia not related to intentional overdose. Annals of PharmacoTherapy 35(2): 192-195

Chen, X.Yang.; Wolpaw, J.R. 2002: Probable corticospinal tract control of spinal cord plasticity in the rat. Journal of Neurophysiology 87(2): 645-652

Jónsdóttir, B.; Ortner, D.J.; Frohlich, B. 2003: Probable destructive meningioma in an archaeological adult male skull from Alaska. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 122(3): 232-239

Martell, M.S.; Mcnicoll, J.L.; Redig, P.T. 2000: Probable effect of delisting of the Peregrine Falcon on availability of urban nest sites. Journal of Raptor Research 34(2): 126-132

Plakhova, V.B.; Podzorova, S.A.; Mishchenko, I.V.; Bagraev, N.T.; Klyachkin, L.E.; Malyarenko, A.M.; Romanov, V.V.; Krylov, B.V. 2003: Probable effects of infrared irradiation on sensory neuron membrane. Sensornye Sistemy 17(1): 24-31

Imasogie, N.; Crago, R.; Leyland, N.A.; Chung, F. 2002: Probable gas embolism during operative hysteroscopy caused by products of combustion. Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia 49(10): 1044-1047

De Villiers, C.; Seier, J.V.; Dhansay, M.A. 2001: Probable genetic origin for a large number of cataracts among captive-bred vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops). American Journal of Primatology 55(1): 43-48

Anderson, T.E.; Legendre, A.M.; McEntee, M.M. 2000: Probable hypercalcemia of malignancy in a cat with bronchogenic adenocarcinoma. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 36(1): 52-55

Hancock, S.; Pryde, P.; Fong, C.; Brazy, J.E.; Stewart, K.; Favour, A.; Pauli, R.M. 2002: Probable identity of Goltz syndrome and van Allen-Myhre syndrome: evidence from phenotypic evolution. American Journal of Medical Genetics 110(4): 370-379

Hagens, G.; Roulin, K.; Hotz, R.; Saurat, J.H.; Hellman, U.; Siegenthaler, G. 1999: Probable interaction between S100A7 and E-FABP in the cytosol of human keratinocytes from psoriatic scales. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 192(1-2): 123-128

Verdejo, A.; De-Cos, M.A.; Zubimendi, J.A.; Lopez-Lazaro, L. 2000: Probable interaction between cyclosporin A and low dose ticlopidine. BMJ 320(7241): 1037

Tseng, A.; Nguyen, M.E.; Cardella, C.; Humar, A.; Conly, J. 2002: Probable interaction between efavirenz and cyclosporine. Aids 16(3): 505-506

Kubota, T.; Dakeishi, M.; Nozaki, J.; Manabe, M.; Koizumi, A. 2000: Probable involvement of a germ-line mutation of an unknown mismatch repair gene in a Japanese Muir-Torre syndrome phenotype. Journal of Dermatological Science 23(2): 117-125

Yamamoto, H.; Yamada, T.; Itoh, Y. 2000: Probable involvement of cathepsin D in the degradation of beta2-microglobulin in acidic urine. Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine 38(6): 495-499

Yamakuni, H.; Sawai, H.; Maeda, Y.; Imazumi, K.; Sakuma, H.; Matsuo, M.; Mutoh, S.; Seki, J. 2000: Probable involvement of the 5-hydroxytryptamine(4) receptor in methotrexate-induced delayed emesis in dogs. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 292(3): 1002-1007

Chiba, Y.; Misawa, M. 1999: Probable involvement of the augmented agonist-induced Ca2+ sensitization of airway smooth muscle contraction in the pathogenesis of airway hyperresponsiveness. Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshi. Folia Pharmacologica Japonica 114(3): 185-190

Koizumi, N.; Kawabata, H.; Watanabe, H. 2003: Probable laboratory contamination of clinical specimens with Leptospira meyeri. Microbiology and Immunology 47(4): 305-306

Konishi, H.; Morita, K.; Minouchi, T.; Nakajima, M.; Matsuda, M.; Yamaji, A. 2002: Probable metabolic interaction of doxifluridine with phenytoin. Annals of PharmacoTherapy 36(5): 831-834

Clark David, L.; Sorenson John, K.; Ladd Andrea, N.; Freiheit James, R. 1999: Probable microvertebrates, vertebrate-like fossils, and weird things from the Wisconsin Ordovician. Journal of Paleontology 73(6): 1201-1209

Plakhova, V.B.; Sabanov, V.S.; Shchegolev, B.F.; Podzorova, S.A.; Nozdrachev, A.D.; Krylov, B.V.; Novikov, S.N.; Mikhailov, Y.D. 2000: Probable molecular mechanisms of slow sodium channel gating machinery modifications by pyrazine and its derivatives. Sensornye Sistemy 14(1): 48-59

Baciewicz, A.M.; Heugel, A.M.; Rose, P.G. 1999: Probable nafcillin-warfarin interaction. Journal of Pharmacy Technology 15(1): 5-7

Krivtsov, A.V.; Tkachuk, V.A. 1999: Probable participation of phosphatidylinositol-3'kinase in insulin and epidermal growth factor activation of phospholipase C hydrolyzing glycosyl phosphatidylinositol. Problemy Endokrinologii 45(1): 44-47

Kentos, A.; Robin, V.; Lambermont, M.; Jurdan, M.; Pignarelli, M.; Feremans, W. 2003: Probable rofecoxib-induced thrombocytopenia. Rheumatology 42(5): 699-700

Nishida, T.; Tokumaru, A.M.; Doh-Ura, K.; Hirata, A.; Motoyoshi, K.; Kamakura, K. 2003: Probable sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease with valine homozygosity at codon 129 and bilateral middle cerebellar peduncle lesions. Internal Medicine 42(2): 199-202

Lot, F.; Séguier, J.C.; Fégueux, S.; Astagneau, P.; Simon, P.; Aggoune, M.; van Amerongen, P.; Ruch, M.; Cheron, M.; Brücker, G.; Desenclos, J.C.; Drucker, J. 1999: Probable transmission of HIV from an orthopedic surgeon to a patient in France. Annals of Internal Medicine 130(1): 1-6

Saunders, J.H.; Poncelet, L.; Clercx, C.; Snaps, F.R.; Flandroy, P.; Capasso, P.; Dondelinger, R.F. 1998: Probable trigeminal nerve schwannoma in a dog. Veterinary Radiology and Ultrasound: the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association 39(6): 539-542

Liberman, L.; Morris, E.A.; Benton, C.L.; Abramson, A.F.; Dershaw, D.D. 2003: Probably benign lesions at breast magnetic resonance imaging: preliminary experience in high-risk women. Cancer 98(2): 377-388

Watson, G.M.T.; Given Wilson, R.M. 1999: Probably benign palpable lumps in women over 50 - Is surgery the only option?. Breast 8(1): 48-50

Bungay, P.M.; Dedrick, R.L.; Fox, E.; Balis, F.M. 2001: Probe calibration in transient microdialysis in vivo. Pharmaceutical Research 18(3): 361-366

Xiang, C.C.; Chen, M.; Kozhich, O.A.; Phan, Q.N.; Inman, J.M.; Chen, Y.; Brownstein, M.J. 2003: Probe generation directly from small numbers of cells for DNA microarray studies. Biotechniques 34(2): 386-388; 390 392-393

Yu, H.J.; Liu, J.P.; Shan, Q.M. 1998: Probe into the origin, development and evolution model of shelf desertizational environment in the last stage of Late Pleistocene. Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 16(4): 326-332

Pang Da; Zhang Qifan; Zhang Dianzhong 1999: Probe into the surgical scheme of stage IV gastric cancer: A report of 772 cases. Zhongguo Zhongliu Linchuang 26(11): 809-811

Park, K-Hong.; Na, K.; Akaike, T.; Lee, K.Choon. 2002: Probe of specific interaction between a simplified synthetic glycopolymer and erythrocytes as mediated by a glucose transporter (GLUT) on a cell membrane. Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 59(3): 591-594

Liu Wan Gou; Shan Lun; Deng, X.P.ng 2001: Probe the method of measuring root system hydraulic conductivity using pressure chamber. Xibei Zhiwu Xuebao 21(4): 761-765

Tomanek, B.; Hoult, D.I.; Chen, X.; Gordon, R. 2000: Probe with chest shielding for improved breast MRI. Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 43(6): 917-920

Chung, W.Y.; Benzie, I.F. 2000: Probe-assisted flow cytometric analysis of erythrocyte membrane response to site-specific oxidant stress. Cytometry 40(3): 182-188

Loy, A.; Horn, M.; Wagner, M. 2003: probe Base: an online resource for rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes. Nucleic Acids Research 31(1): 514-516

Bushnell, S.; Budde, J.; Catino, T.; Cole, J.; Derti, A.; Kelso, R.; Collins, M.L.; Molino, G.; Sheridan, P.; Monahan, J.; Urdea, M. 1999: Probe Designer: for the design of probesets for branched DNA (bDNA) signal amplification assays. Bioinformatics 15(5): 348-355

Elvevag, B.; Fisher, J.E.; Goldberg, T.E. 2003: Probed recall for serial order deficits in short-term memory in schizophrenic patients. Schizophrenia Research 59(2-3): 127-135, 1 February

Ward, E.S.; Pollack, G.M.; Brouwer, K.L. 2001: Probenecid-associated alterations in valproate glucuronide hepatobiliary disposition: mechanistic assessment using mathematical modeling. Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics 297(1): 141-147

Ward, E.S.; Pollack, G.M.; Brouwer, K.L. 2000: Probenecid-associated alterations in valproic acid pharmacokinetics in rats: can in vivo disposition of valproate glucuronide be predicted from in vitro formation data?. Drug Metabolism and Disposition: the Biological Fate of Chemicals 28(12): 1433-1439

Imai, T.; Nomura, T.; Otagiri, M. 2003: Probenecid-induced changes in the clearance of pranoprofen enantiomers. Chirality 15(4): 318-323

Scism, J.L.; Powers, K.M.; Artru, A.A.; Lewis, L.; Shen, D.D. 2000: Probenecid-inhibitable efflux transport of valproic acid in the brain parenchymal cells of rabbits: A microdialysis study. Brain Research 884(1--2): 77-86

Zanders, E.D.; Bailey, D.S.; Dean, P.M. 2002: Probes for chemical genomics by design. Drug Discovery Today 7(13): 711-718

Coates, P.A.; Grundt, P.; Robinson, E.S.; Nutt, D.J.; Tyacke, R.; Hudson, A.L.; Lewis, J.W.; Husbands, S.M. 2000: Probes for imidazoline binding sites: Synthesis and evaluation of a selective, irreversible I2 ligand. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 10(6): 605-607

Hashimoto, A.; Jacobson, A.E.; Rothman, R.B.; Dersch, C.M.; George, C.; Flippen-Anderson, J.L.; Rice, K.C. 2002: Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 28: New opioid antagonists from enantiomeric analogues of 5-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-N-phenylethylmorphan. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 10(10): 3319-3329

Tadic, D.; Linders, J., T.M.; Flippen-Anderson, J., L.; Jacobson, A., E.; Rice, K., C. 2003: Probes for narcotic receptor mediated phenomena. Part 31: Synthesis of rac-(3R,6aS,11aS)-2-methyl-1,3,4,5,6,11a-hexahydro-2H-3, 6a-methanobenzofuro(2,3-c)azocine-10-ol, and azocine-8-ol, the ortho-c and the para-c oxide-bridged phenylmorphan isomers. Tetrahedron 59(25): 4603-4614

Monstein, H.J.; de la Cour, C.D.; Jonasson, J. 2001: Probing 23S ribosomal RNA cleavage sites in coccoid Helicobacter pylori. Helicobacter 6(2): 100-109

Riske, K.A.; Nascimento, O.R.; Peric, M.; Bales, B.L.; Lamy-Freund, M.T. 1999: Probing DMPG vesicle surface with a cationic aqueous soluble spin label. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1418(1): 133-146

Bailey, M.F.; Thompson, E.H.; Millar, D.P. 2001: Probing DNA polymerase fidelity mechanisms using time-resolved fluorescence anisotropy. Methods 25(1): 62-77

Ghetu, A.F.; Arthur, D.C.; Kerppola, T.K.; Glover, J.N.M. 2002: Probing FinO-FinP RNA interactions by site-directed protein-RNA crosslinking and gelFRET. Rna 8(6): 816-823

Liu, B.; Ni, J.; Fournier, M.J. 2001: Probing RNA in vivo with methylation guide small nucleolar RNAs. Methods 23(3): 276-286

Fahmy, T.M.; Bieler, J.G.; Schneck, J.P. 2002: Probing T cell membrane organization using dimeric MHC-Ig complexes. Journal of Immunological Methods 268(1): 93-106

Bordini, E.; Hamdan, M.; Righetti, P.G. 2000: Probing acrylamide alkylation sites in cysteine-free proteins by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: Rcm 14(10): 840-848

Holtham, C.A.; Jumel, K.; Miller, C.M.; Harding, S.E.; Baumberg, S.; Stockley, P.G. 1999: Probing activation of the prokaryotic arginine transcriptional regulator using chimeric proteins. Journal of Molecular Biology 289(4): 707-727

Jacobson, K.A. 2001: Probing adenosine and P2 receptors: Design of novel purines and nonpurines as selective ligands. Drug Development Research 52(1-2): 178-186

Hu, J.; Barbour, L.J.; Gokel, G.W. 2002: Probing alkali metal-pi interactions with the side chain residue of tryptophan. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(8): 5121-5126

Zhou, Z.; Hu, S.; Hwang, T.-C. 2002: Probing an open CFTR pore with organic anion blockers. Journal of General Physiology 120(5): 647-662

Bobrov, V.M. 1999: Probing and draining of frontal sinuses in exudative frontitis. Vestnik Otorinolaringologii 6: 36-39

Wyatt, H.J.; Lustgarten, M. 2001: Probing anterior segment kinetics with focally applied mydriatics. Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics: the Official Journal of the Association for Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics 17(5): 461-473

Bardea, A.; Katz, E.; Willner, I. 2000: Probing antigen-antibody interactions on electrode supports by the biocatalyzed precipitation of an insoluble product. Electroanalysis 12(14): 1097-1106

Cote, K.A. 2002: Probing awareness during sleep with the auditory odd-ball paradigm. International Journal of Psychophysiology: Official Journal of the International Organization of Psychophysiology 46(3): 227-241

Kalita, H.; Handique, R.; Singh, K. 1999: Probing behaviour of Helopeltis theivora waterhouse after different hours of starvation on two genotypes. Geobios 26(1): 27-31

Katz, E.; Willner, I. 2003: Probing biomolecular interactions at conductive and semiconductive surfaces by impedance spectroscopy: Routes to impedimetric immunosensors, DNA-sensors, and enzyme biosensors. Electroanalysis 15(11): 913-947

Hansma, H.G.; Pietrasanta, L.I.; Auerbach, I.D.; Sorenson, C.; Golan, R.; Holden, P.A. 2000: Probing biopolymers with the atomic force microscope: a review. Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition 11(7): 675-683

Suh, Y.-I.; Lundgren, T.; Sigurdsson, T.; Riggs, M.; Crigger, M. 2002: Probing bone level measurements for determination of the depths of Class Ii furcation defects. Journal of Periodontology 73(6): 637-642

Hegeman, A.D.; Gross, J.W.; Frey, P.A. 2001: Probing catalysis by Escherichia coli dTDP-glucose-4,6-dehydratase: Identification and preliminary characterization of functional amino acid residues at the active site. Biochemistry 40(22): 6598-6610

Cai, S-Jian.; Khorchid, A.; Ikura, M.; Inouye, M. 2003: Probing catalytically essential domain orientation in histidine kinase EnvZ by targeted disulfide crosslinking. Journal of Molecular Biology 328(2): 409-418

Svetlicić, V.; Hozić, A. 2002: Probing cell surface charge by scanning electrode potential. Electrophoresis 23(13): 2080-2086

Live, D.H.; Williams, L.J.; Kuduk, S.D.; Schwarz, J.B.; Glunz, P.W.; Chen, X.T.; Sames, D.; Kumar, R.A.; Danishefsky, S.J. 1999: Probing cell-surface architecture through synthesis: An NMR-determined structural motif for tumor-associated mucins. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 96(7): 3489-3493

Wu, Y.; Kwon, K.S.; Rhee, S.G. 1998: Probing cellular protein targets of H2O2 with fluorescein-conjugated iodoacetamide and antibodies to fluorescein. FEBS Letters 440(1-2): 111-115

Yan, B.; Hu, D.D.; Knowles, S.K.; Smith, J.W. 2000: Probing chemical and conformational differences in the resting and active conformers of platelet integrin alpha(IIb)beta(3). Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(10): 7249-7260

Teigen, K.; Martinez, A. 2003: Probing cofactor specificity in phenylalanine hydroxylase by molecular dynamics simulations. Journal of Biomolecular Structure and Dynamics 20(6): 733-740

Errington, N.; Rowe, A.J. 2003: Probing conformation and conformational change in proteins is optimally undertaken in relative mode. European Biophysics Journal: Ebj 32(5): 511-517

Gee, A.C.; Katzenellenbogen, J.A. 2001: Probing conformational changes in the estrogen receptor: evidence for a partially unfolded intermediate facilitating ligand binding and release. Molecular Endocrinology 15(3): 421-428

Harms, G.S.; Orr, G.; Montal, M.; Thrall, B.D.; Colson, S.D.; Lu, H.P. 2003: Probing conformational changes of gramicidin ion channels by single-molecule patch-clamp fluorescence microscopy. Biophysical Journal 85(3): 1826-1838

Li, D.; Xie, J.; Zhao, Y.; Zhao, J. 2003: Probing connection of PBS with the photosystems in intact cells of Spirulina platensis by temperature-induced fluorescence fluctuation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1557(1-3): 35-40

Hung, D.L.; Knight, S.D.; Hultgren, S.J. 1999: Probing conserved surfaces on PapD. Molecular Microbiology 31(3): 773-783

Rausch, J.W.; Sathyanarayana, B.K.; Bona, M.K.; Le Grice, S.F. 2000: Probing contacts between the ribonuclease H domain of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and nucleic acid by site-specific photocross-linking. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(21): 16015-16022

Rudakova, E.A.; Ivanovskaya, M.G.; Kozlov, M.V.; Khoretonenko, M.V.; Oretskaya, T.S.; Nikiforov, V.G. 2000: Probing contacts of phosphate groups of oligonucleotides from the non-template strand of lac UV5 promoter with E. coli RNA polymerase using regioselective cross-linking. Biochemistry. Biokhimiia 65(6): 640-650

De Maré, L.; Andersson, L.; Hagander, P. 2003: Probing control of glucose feeding in Vibrio cholerae cultivations. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering 25(4): 221-228

Pedras, M.Soledade.C.; Montaut, S. 2003: Probing crucial metabolic pathways in fungal pathogens of crucifers: Biotransformation of indole-3-acetaldoxime, 4-hydroxyphenylacetaldoxime, and their metabolites. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 11(14): 3115-3120

Howorka, S.; Bayley, H. 2002: Probing distance and electrical potential within a protein pore with tethered DNA. Biophysical Journal 83(6): 3202-3210

Cao, Y.; Chen, D.; Wu, X.; Kong, J.; Zou, Y.; Xu, C. 2001: Probing electron transfer of the redox species in wild-type RC protein and its pigment-replaced mutants re-constituted in self-assembly monolayers. Analytical Letters 34(5): 713-725

Tzanakakis, E.S.; Hsiao, C.C.; Matsushita, T.; Remmel, R.P.; Hu, W.S. 2001: Probing enhanced cytochrome P450 2B1/2 activity in rat hepatocyte spheroids through confocal laser scanning microscopy. Cell Transplantation 10(3): 329-342

MacBeath, G.; Kast, P.; Hilvert, D. 1998: Probing enzyme quaternary structure by combinatorial mutagenesis and selection. Protein science: a publication of the Protein Society 7(8): 1757-1767

Deinum, J.; Derkx, F.H.; Schalekamp, M.A. 1998: Probing epitopes on human prorenin during its proteolytic and non-proteolytic activation. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1388(2): 386-396

Kim, N.N.; Cox, J.D.; Baggio, R.F.; Emig, F.A.; Mistry, S.K.; Harper, S.L.; Speicher, D.W.; Morris, S.M.; Ash, D.E.; Traish, A.; Christianson, D.W. 2001: Probing erectile function: S-(2-boronoethyl)-L-cysteine binds to arginase as a transition state analogue and enhances smooth muscle relaxation in human penile corpus cavernosum. Biochemistry 40(9): 2678-2688

Pohjanjoki, P.; Fabrichniy, I.P.; Kasho, V.N.; Cooperman, B.S.; Goldman, A.; Baykov, A.A.; Lahti, R. 2001: Probing essential water in yeast pyrophosphatase by directed mutagenesis and fluoride inhibition measurements. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(1): 434-441

Whitney, S.E.; Gidley, M.J.; McQueen-Mason, S.J. 2000: Probing expansin action using cellulose/hemicellulose composites. Plant Journal: for Cell and Molecular Biology 22(4): 327-334

Danuser, G.; Oldenbourg, R. 2000: Probing f-actin flow by tracking shape fluctuations of radial bundles in lamellipodia of motile cells. Biophysical Journal 79(1): 191-201

Kwan, C.P.; Venkataraman, G.; Shriver, Z.; Raman, R.; Liu, D.; Qi, Y.; Varticovski, L.; Sasisekharan, R. 2001: Probing fibroblast growth factor dimerization and role of heparin-like glycosaminoglycans in modulating dimerization and signaling. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(26): 23421-23429

Storm, S.M.; Khawaja, X.Z. 1999: Probing for drug-induced multiplex signal transduction pathways using high resolution two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: application to beta-adrenoceptor stimulation in the rat C6 glioma cell. Brain Research. Molecular Brain Research 71(1): 50-60

Spiliotis, E.T.; Pentcheva, T.; Edidin, M. 2002: Probing for membrane domains in the endoplasmic reticulum: retention and degradation of unassembled MHC class i molecules. Molecular Biology of the Cell 13(5): 1566-1581

Imai, H.; Hirano, T.; Terakita, A.; Shichida, Y.; Muthyala, R.S.; Chen, R.L.; Colmenares, L.U.; Liu, R.S. 1999: Probing for the threshold energy for visual transduction: Red-shifted visual pigment analogs from 3-methoxy-3-dehydroretinal and related compounds. Photochemistry and Photobiology 70(1): 111-115

Granovsky, A.E.; McEntaffer, R.; Artemyev, N.O. 1998: Probing functional interfaces of rod PDE gamma-subunit using scanning fluorescent labeling. Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics 28(2-3): 115-133

Daumas, Fédéric.; Mazarguil, Hé.; Millot, C.; Lopez, Aé.; Salomé, L. 2002: Probing functionalized gold colloids for single particle tracking experiments. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 295(3): 610-615

Xu-Friedman, M.A.; Regehr, W.G. 2000: Probing fundamental aspects of synaptic transmission with strontium. Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 20(12): 4414-4422

Zhang, L.; Melis, A. 2002: Probing green algal hydrogen production. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B Biological Sciences 357(1426): 1499-1507; Discussion: 1507-1511

Bhatia, S.N.; Balis, U.J.; Yarmush, M.L.; Toner, M. 1998: Probing heterotypic cell interactions: Hepatocyte function in microfabricated co-cultures. Journal of Biomaterials Science. Polymer Edition 9(11): 1137-1160

Rowe, A.J. 2001: Probing hydration and the stability of protein solutions: A colloid science approach. Biophysical Chemistry 93(2-3): 93-101

Balbach, J.J.; Yang, J.; Weliky, D.P.; Steinbach, P.J.; Tugarinov, V.; Anglister, J.; Tycko, R. 2000: Probing hydrogen bonds in the antibody-bound HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop by solid state NMR REDOR measurements. Journal of Biomolecular NMR 16(4): 313-327

Marx, A.; Spichty, M.; Amacker, M.; Schwitter, U.; Hübscher, U.; Bickle, T.A.; Maga, G.; Giese, B. 1999: Probing interactions between HIV-1 reverse transcriptase and its DNA substrate with backbone-modified nucleotides. Chemistry and Biology 6(2): 111-116

Abu Dayyeh, B.K.Abu.; Quan, T.K.; Castro, M.; Ruby, S.W. 2002: Probing interactions between the U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein and the DEAD-box protein, Prp5. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(23): 20221-20233

Lu, W.; Randal, M.; Kossiakoff, A.; Kent, S.B. 1999: Probing intermolecular backbone H-bonding in serine proteinase-protein inhibitor complexes. Chemistry and Biology 6(7): 419-427

Jensen, A.A.; Hansen, J.L.; Sheikh, Søren.P.; Bräuner-Osborne, H. 2002: Probing intermolecular protein-protein interactions in the calcium-sensing receptor homodimer using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET). European Journal of Biochemistry 269(20): 5076-5087

Dong Ping; Yan Qing Lian 2001: Probing into the effects of 16 kinds of fruit on salivary amylase by using the method of cluster analysis. Hubei Yikedaxue Xuebao 22(1): 1-2

Xie, W.; van de Werve, G.; Berteloot, A. 2001: Probing into the function of the gene product responsible for glycogen storage disease type Ib. FEBS Letters 504(1-2): 23-26

Bui, J.D.; Zelles, T.; Lou, H.J.; Gallion, V.L.; Phillips, M.I.; Tan, W. 1999: Probing intracellular dynamics in living cells with near-field optics. Journal of Neuroscience Methods 89(1): 9-15

Tsoulou, E.; Kalfas, C.A.; Sideris, E.G. 2001: Probing irradiated DNA with the perturbed angular correlation method. Radiation Research 156(2): 181-185

Chen, Y.; Müller, J.D.; Tetin, S.Y.; Tyner, J.D.; Gratton, E. 2000: Probing ligand protein binding equilibria with fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy. Biophysical Journal 79(2): 1074-1084

Berthelier, V.; Laboureau, J.; Boulla, G.; Schuber, F.; Deterre, P. 2000: Probing ligand-induced conformational changes of human CD38. European Journal of Biochemistry 267(10): 3056-3064

Kahya, N.; Scherfeld, D.; Bacia, K.; Poolman, B.; Schwille, P. 2003: Probing lipid mobility of raft-exhibiting model membranes by fluorescence correlation spectroscopy. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(30): 28109-28115

Wang, W.Q.; Xu, Q.; Shan, Y.F.; Xu, G.J. 2001: Probing local conformational changes during equilibrium unfolding of firefly luciferase: fluorescence and circular dichroism studies of single tryptophan mutants. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 282(1): 28-33

Zemsky, J.; Rusinova, E.; Nemerson, Y.; Luck, L.A.; Ross, J.B.A.exander 1999: Probing local environments of tryptophan residues in proteins: Comparison of 19F nuclear magnetic resonance results with the intrinsic fluorescence of soluble human tissue factor. Proteins 37(4): 709-716

Ruppert, K.; Brookeman, J.R.; Hagspiel, K.D.; Mugler, J.P. 2000: Probing lung physiology with xenon polarization transfer contrast (XTC). Magnetic Resonance in Medicine 44(3): 349-357

Jenkins, G.; Head, J.; Forster, J.W. 2000: Probing meiosis in hybrids of Lolium (Poaceae) with a discriminatory repetitive genomic sequence. Chromosoma 109(4): 280-286

Van den Bremer, E.T.J.; Jiskoot, W.; James, R.; Moore, G.R.; Kleanthous, C.; Heck, A.J.R.; Maier, C.S. 2002: Probing metal ion binding and conformational properties of the colicin E9 endonuclease by electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 11(7): 1738-1752

Połeć, K.; Mounicou, S.; Chassaigne, H.; Lobiński, R. 2000: Probing metal-complexes with metallothioneins by reversed phase microbore chromatography and capillary zone electrophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma and electrospray mass spectrometry. Cellular and Molecular Biology 46(2): 221-235

Paris, G.; Cremona, M.L.; Amaya, M.F.; Buschiazzo, A.; Giambiagi, S.; Frasch, A.C.; Alzari, P.M. 2001: Probing molecular function of trypanosomal sialidases: single point mutations can change substrate specificity and increase hydrolytic activity. Glycobiology 11(4): 305-311

Dufrêne, Y.F.; Boonaert CJP; van der Mei, H.C.; Busscher, H.J.; Rouxhet, P.G. 2001: Probing molecular interactions and mechanical properties of microbial cell surfaces by atomic force microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 86(1-2): 113-120

Tito, M.A.; Miller, J.; Walker, N.; Griffin, K.F.; Williamson, E.D.; Despeyroux-Hill, D.; Titball, R.W.; Robinson, C.V. 2001: Probing molecular interactions in intact antibody: antigen complexes, an electrospray time-of-flight mass spectrometry approach. Biophysical Journal 81(6): 3503-3509

Kam, Z.; Zamir, E.; Geiger, B. 2001: Probing molecular processes in live cells by quantitative multidimensional microscopy. Trends in Cell Biology 11(8): 329-334

Tsubaki, M.; Hori, H.; Mogi, T. 2000: Probing molecular structure of dioxygen reduction site of bacterial quinol oxidases through ligand binding to the redox metal centers. Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry 82(1-4): 19-25

O'malley, D.M.; Zhou, Q.; Gahtan, E. 2003: Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: A suite of optical techniques. Methods 30(1): 49-63

Sobolevsky, A.I.; Koshelev, S.G.; Khodorov, B.I. 1999: Probing of NMDA channels with fast blockers. Journal of Neuroscience: the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience 19(24): 10611-10626

Xie-Yi-Kui [author, Reprint-Author]; Ma-Xin [author, Reprint-Author]; Feng-Ning 2003: Probing of effect mechanism of zinc acexamate in treating gastric ulcer. Zhongguo Xinyao yu Linchuang Zazhi 22(8): 481-483

Rhee, E.; Speece, R.E. 2000: Probing of maximal biodegradation rates of methylene chloride, carbon tetrachloride, and 1,1,1-trichloroethane in methanogenic processes. Environmental Technology 21(2): 147-156

Nachliel, E.; Gutman, M. 2001: Probing of the substrate binding domain of lactose permease by a proton pulse. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1514(1): 33-50

Halab, L.; Becker, Jérôme.A.J.; Darula, Z.; Tourwé, D.; Kieffer, B.L.; Simonin, Fédéric.; Lubell, W.D. 2002: Probing opioid receptor interactions with azacycloalkane amino acids. Synthesis of a potent and selective ORL1 antagonist. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(24): 5353-5357

Gosselin, F.; Tourwé, D.; Ceusters, M.; Meert, T.; Heylen, L.; Jurzak, M.; Lubell, W.D. 2001: Probing opioid receptor-ligand interactions by employment of indolizidin-9-one amino acid as a constrained Gly(2)-Gly(3) surrogate in a leucine-enkephalin mimic. Journal of Peptide Research: Official Journal of the American Peptide Society 57(4): 337-344

Naranjo, C.A.; Fourie, J.; Herrmann, N.; Lanctôt, K.L.; Birt, C.; Yau, K.K. 2000: Probing peripheral and central cholinergic system responses. Journal of Psychiatry and Neuroscience: Jpn 25(4): 325-336

Upadhyaya, A.; Chabot, J.R.; Andreeva, A.; Samadani, A.; van Oudenaarden, A. 2003: Probing polymerization forces by using actin-propelled lipid vesicles. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100(8): 4521-4526

Fulton, D.A.; Cantrill, S.J.; Stoddart, J.Fraser. 2002: Probing polyvalency in artificial systems exhibiting molecular recognition. Journal of Organic Chemistry 67(23): 7968-7981

Collini, M.; Leo, B.; Baldini, G.; Monaco, H.L.; Galliano, M. 2002: Probing protein aggregation by time-resolved fluorescence during beta-lactoglobulin crystal growth. European Biophysics Journal: Ebj 31(2): 111-117

Craig, P.O.; Ureta, D.B.; Delfino, J.é M. 2002: Probing protein conformation with a minimal photochemical reagent. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 11(6): 1353-1366

Grandori, R.; Matecko, I.; Mayr, P.; Müller, N. 2001: Probing protein stabilization by glycerol using electrospray mass spectrometry. Journal of Mass Spectrometry: Jms 36(8): 918-922

Galvani, M.; Hamdan, M.; Righetti, P.G. 2000: Probing protein unfolding through monitoring cysteine alkylation by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation mass spectrometry. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: Rcm 14(20): 1925-1931

Koch, S.J.; Shundrovsky, A.; Jantzen, B.C.; Wang, M.D. 2002: Probing protein-DNA interactions by unzipping a single DNA double helix. Biophysical Journal 83(2): 1098-1105

Ebel, C.; Eisenberg, H.; Ghirlando, R. 2000: Probing protein-sugar interactions. Biophysical Journal 78(1): 385-393

Bieberich, E. 2000: Probing quantum coherence in a biological system by means of DNA amplification. Bio Systems 57(2): 109-124

Desai, U.R.; Johns, J.L.; Lahaye, L.; Wright, H.T. 2002: Probing reactive center loop insertion in serpins: a simple method for ovalbumin. Analytical Biochemistry 302(1): 81-87

Steck, T.L.; Ye, J.; Lange, Y. 2002: Probing red cell membrane cholesterol movement with cyclodextrin. Biophysical Journal 83(4): 2118-2125

Meekhof, A.E.; Freund, S.M. 1999: Probing residual structure and backbone dynamics on the milli- to picosecond timescale in a urea-denatured fibronectin type IIi domain. Journal of Molecular Biology 286(2): 579-592

Dorner, S.; Barta, A. 1999: Probing ribosome structure by europium-induced RNA cleavage. Biological Chemistry 380(2): 243-251

Veiga, E.; de Lorenzo, V.; Fernández, L.A. 1999: Probing secretion and translocation of a beta-autotransporter using a reporter single-chain Fv as a cognate passenger domain. Molecular Microbiology 33(6): 1232-1243

Beadell, J.S.; Clark, D.S. 2001: Probing stability-activity relationships in the thermophilic proteasome from Thermoplasma acidophilum by random mutagenesis. Extremophiles: Life Under Extreme Conditions 5(1): 3-10

Groll, M.; Nazif, T.; Huber, R.; Bogyo, M. 2002: Probing structural determinants distal to the site of hydrolysis that control substrate specificity of the 20S proteasome. Chemistry and Biology 9(5): 655-662

Declerck, N.; Machius, M.; Wiegand, G.; Huber, R.; Gaillardin, C. 2000: Probing structural determinants specifying high thermostability in Bacillus licheniformis alpha-amylase. Journal of Molecular Biology 301(4): 1041-1057

Bogin, O.; Peretz, M.; Burstein, Y. 1998: Probing structural elements of thermal stability in bacterial oligomeric alcohol dehydrogenases. I. Construction and characterization of chimeras consisting of secondary ADHs from Thermoanaerobacter brockii and Clostridium beijerinckii. Letters in Peptide Science 5(5-6): 399-408

Spisani, S.; Traniello, S.; Cavicchioni, G.; Formaggio, F.; Crisma, M.; Toniolo, C. 2002: Probing structural requirements of fMLP receptor: on the size of the hydrophobic pocket corresponding to residue 2 of the tripeptide. Journal of Peptide Science: An Official Publication of the European Peptide Society 8(2): 56-65

Urayama, P.; Phillips, G.N.; Gruner, S.M. 2002: Probing substates in sperm whale myoglobin using high-pressure crystallography. Structure 10(1): 51-60

Carenbauer, A.L.; Garrity, J.D.; Periyannan, G.; Yates, R.B.; Crowder, M.W. 2002: Probing substrate binding to metallo-beta-lactamase L1 from Stenotrophomonas maltophilia by using site-directed mutagenesis. Bmc Biochemistry 3: 4

Last, A.M.; Schulman, B.A.; Robinson, C.V.; Redfield, C. 2001: Probing subtle differences in the hydrogen exchange behavior of variants of the human alpha-lactalbumin molten globule using mass spectrometry. Journal of Molecular Biology 311(4): 909-919

Wang, J.; Bauman, S.; Colman, R.F. 2000: Probing subunit interactions in alpha class rat liver glutathione S-transferase with the photoaffinity label glutathionyl S-[4-(succinimidyl)benzophenone. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(8): 5493-5503

Bezrukov, S.M.; Kullman, L.; Winterhalter, M. 2000: Probing sugar translocation through maltoporin at the single channel level. FEBS Letters 476(3): 224-228

Cheung, J.; Lin, A. 1999: Probing surface structure of sarcin domain on ribosomes of Escherichia coli by complementary oligo DNAs and ribosome-inactivating protein. Journal of Biomedical Science 6(4): 277-284

Pilowsky, L.S. 2001: Probing targets for antipsychotic drug action with PET and SPET receptor imaging. Nuclear Medicine Communications 22(7): 829-833

Murray, K.R.; Nair, M.P.; Ayyobi, A.F.; Hill, J.S.; Pritchard, P.H.; Lacko, A.G. 2001: Probing the 121-136 domain of lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase using antibodies. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 385(2): 267-275

Dunning Hotopp, J.C.; Hausinger, R.P. 2002: Probing the 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate/alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase substrate-binding site by site-directed mutagenesis and mechanism-based inactivation. Biochemistry 41(31): 9787-9794

Gibson, A.E.; Arris, C.E.; Bentley, J.; Boyle, F.T.; Curtin, N.J.; Davies, T.G.; Endicott, J.A.; Golding, B.T.; Grant, S.; Griffin, R.J.; Jewsbury, P.; Johnson, L.N.; Mesguiche, V.; Newell, D.R.; Noble, M.E.M.; Tucker, J.A.; Whitfield, H.J. 2002: Probing the ATP ribose-binding domain of cyclin-dependent kinases 1 and 2 with O(6)-substituted guanine derivatives. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(16): 3381-3393

Fung, E.; Bouet, J.Y.; Funnell, B.E. 2001: Probing the ATP-binding site of P1 ParA: partition and repression have different requirements for ATP binding and hydrolysis. EMBO Journal 20(17): 4901-4911

Beck, C.; Jeltsch, A. 2002: Probing the DNA interface of the EcoRV DNA-(adenine-N6)-methyltransferase by site-directed mutagenesis, fluorescence spectroscopy, and UV cross-linking. Biochemistry 41(48): 14103-14110

Okamura-Ikeda, K.; Kameoka, N.; Fujiwara, K.; Motokawa, Y. 2003: Probing the H-protein-induced conformational change and the function of the N-terminal region of Escherichia coli T-protein of the glycine cleavage system by limited proteolysis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(12): 10067-10072

Kuzek, D.; Pace, R.J. 2001: Probing the Mn oxidation states in the OEC. Insights from spectroscopic, computational and kinetic data. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1503(1-2): 123-137, 5 January

Gritsenko, O.M.; Mikhailov, S.N.; Efimtseva, E.V.; Van Aerschot, A.; Herdewijn, P.; Gromova, E.S. 2000: Probing the MVAI methyltransferase region that interacts with DNA: affinity labeling with the dialdehyde-containing DNA duplexes. Nucleosides Nucleotides and Nucleic Acids 19(10-12): 1805-1820

Leadbeater, C.; McIver, L.; Campopiano, D.J.; Webster, S.P.; Baxter, R.L.; Kelly, S.M.; Price, N.C.; Lysek, D.A.; Noble, M.A.; Chapman, S.K.; Munro, A.W. 2000: Probing the NADPH-binding site of Escherichia coli flavodoxin oxidoreductase. Biochemical Journal 352 Pt 2: 257-266

Elliott, M.B.; Gottlieb, P.A.; Gollnick, P. 1999: Probing the TRAP-RNA interaction with nucleoside analogs. Rna 5(10): 1277-1289

Karbstein, K.; Carroll, K.S.; Herschlag, D. 2002: Probing the Tetrahymena group I ribozyme reaction in both directions. Biochemistry 41(37): 11171-11183

Knobe, K.E.; Berntsdotter, A.; Shen, L.; Morser, J.; Dahlbäck, B.; Villoutreix, B.O. 1999: Probing the activation of protein C by the thrombin-thrombomodulin complex using structural analysis, site-directed mutagenesis, and computer modeling. Proteins 35(2): 218-234

Münch, U.; Chen, L.; Bayly, S.F.; Torrence, P.F. 2003: Probing the activation site of ribonuclease L with new N6-substituted 2',5'-adenylate trimers. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 11(9): 2041-2049

Boyd, A.E.; Marnett, A.B.; Wong, L.; Taylor, P. 2000: Probing the active center gorge of acetylcholinesterase by fluorophores linked to substituted cysteines. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(29): 22401-22408

Numazawa, M.; Watari, Y.; Yamada, K.; Umemura, N.; Handa, W. 2003: Probing the active site of aromatase with 2-methyl-substituted androstenedione analogs. Steroids 68(6): 503-513

Fattori, D.; Urbani, A.; Brunetti, M.; Ingenito, R.; Pessi, A.; Prendergast, K.; Narjes, F.; Matassa, V.G.; De Francesco, R.; Steinkühler, C. 2000: Probing the active site of the hepatitis C virus serine protease by fluorescence resonance energy transfer. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(20): 15106-15113

Bertenshaw, G.P.; Villa, J.P.; Hengst, J.A.; Bond, J.S. 2002: Probing the active sites and mechanisms of rat metalloproteases meprin a and B. Biological Chemistry 383(7-8): 1175-1183

Doorn, J.A.; Talley, T.T.; Thompson, C.M.; Richardson, R.J. 2001: Probing the active sites of butyrylcholinesterase and cholesterol esterase with isomalathion: conserved stereoselective inactivation of serine hydrolases structurally related to acetylcholinesterase. Chemical Research in Toxicology 14(7): 807-813

Pleiss, J.; Mionetto, N.; Schmid, R.D. 1998: Probing the acyl binding site of acetylcholinesterase by protein engineering. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B Enzymatic 6(3): 287-296

Fan, F.; Plapp, B.V. 1999: Probing the affinity and specificity of yeast alcohol dehydrogenase i for coenzymes. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 367(2): 240-249

Spura, A.; Russin, T.S.; Freedman, N.D.; Grant, M.; McLaughlin, J.T.; Hawrot, E. 1999: Probing the agonist domain of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor by cysteine scanning mutagenesis reveals residues in proximity to the alpha-bungarotoxin binding site. Biochemistry 38(16): 4912-4921

Ding, F.X.; Lee, B.K.; Hauser, M.; Davenport, L.; Becker, J.M.; Naider, F. 2001: Probing the binding domain of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae alpha-mating factor receptor with rluorescent ligands. Biochemistry 40(4): 1102-1108

Feig, A.L.; Panek, M.; Horrocks, W.D.; Uhlenbeck, O.C. 1999: Probing the binding of Tb(III) and Eu(III) to the hammerhead ribozyme using luminescence spectroscopy. Chemistry and Biology 6(11): 801-810

Wang, S.; Liu, M.; Lewin, N.E.; Lorenzo, P.S.; Bhattacharrya, D.; Qiao, L.; Kozikowski, A.P.; Blumberg, P.M. 1999: Probing the binding of indolactam-V to protein kinase C through site-directed mutagenesis and computational docking simulations. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42(18): 3436-3446

Shafer, A.M.; Bennett, V.J.; Kim, P.; Voss, J.C. 2003: Probing the binding pocket and endocytosis of a G protein-coupled receptor in live cells reported by a spin-labeled substance P agonist. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(36): 34203-34210

Numazawa, M.; Shelangouski, M.; Nagasaka, M. 2000: Probing the binding pocket of the active site of aromatase with 6-ether or 6-ester substituted androst-4-ene-3,17-diones and their diene and triene analogs. Steroids 65(12): 871-882

Buche, A.; Ellis, G.; Ramirez, J.M. 2001: Probing the binding site of 800-nm bacteriochlorophyll in the membrane-linked LH2 protein of Rhodobacter capsulatus by local unfolding and chemical modification: evidence for the involvement of a betaHis20 residue. European Journal of Biochemistry 268(10): 2792-2800

Gall, A.; Robert, B.; Cogdell, R.J.; Bellissent-Funel, M.C.; Fraser, N.J. 2001: Probing the binding sites of exchanged chlorophyll a in LH2 by Raman and site-selection fluorescence spectroscopies. FEBS Letters 491(1-2): 143-147

Zhao, J.; Cheng, Y.; Wang, Z.; Wang, J. 2002: Probing the binding states of GDP to Cdc42 using urea interaction. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 291(5): 1276-1282

Nofsinger, J.B.; Forest, S.E.; Eibest, L.M.; Gold, K.A.; Simon, J.D. 2000: Probing the building blocks of eumelanins using scanning electron microscopy. Pigment Cell Research 13(3): 179-184

Kyoung, M.; Kim, S.Yeon.; Seok, H-Young.; Park, I-Sun.; Lee, M. 2002: Probing the caspase-3 active site by fluorescence lifetime measurements. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1598(1-2): 74-79

Smith Andrew, B. 2001: Probing the cassiduloid origins of clypeasteroid echinoids using stratigraphically restricted parsimony analysis. Paleobiology 27(2): 392-404

Eberhardt, C.; Kuerschner, L.; Weiss, D.S. 2003: Probing the catalytic activity of a cell division-specific transpeptidase in vivo with beta-lactams. Journal of Bacteriology 185(13): 3726-3734

Saysell, C.G.; Tambyrajah, W.S.; Murray, J.M.; Wilmot, C.M.; Phillips, S.E.V.; McPherson, M.J.; Knowles, P.F. 2002: Probing the catalytic mechanism of Escherichia coli amine oxidase using mutational variants and a reversible inhibitor as a substrate analogue. Biochemical Journal 365(Part 3): 809-816

Rosano, C.; Bisso, A.; Izzo, G.; Tonetti, M.; Sturla, L.; De Flora, A.; Bolognesi, M. 2000: Probing the catalytic mechanism of GDP-4-keto-6-deoxy-d-mannose Epimerase/Reductase by kinetic and crystallographic characterization of site-specific mutants. Journal of Molecular Biology 303(1): 77-91

Ablooglu, A.J.; Till, J.H.; Kim, K.; Parang, K.; Cole, P.A.; Hubbard, S.R.; Kohanski, R.A. 2000: Probing the catalytic mechanism of the insulin receptor kinase with a tetrafluorotyrosine-containing peptide substrate. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(39): 30394-30398

Debeche, T.; Bliard, C.; Debeire, P.; O'Donohue, M.J. 2002: Probing the catalytically essential residues of the alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase from Thermobacillus xylanilyticus. Protein Engineering 15(1): 21-28

Chen, C.S.; Chen, W.N.; Zhou, M.; Arttamangkul, S.; Haugland, R.P. 2000: Probing the cathepsin D using a BODIPY FL-pepstatin A: Applications in fluorescence polarization and microscopy. Journal of Biochemical and Biophysical Methods 42(3): 137-151

Takahashi, F.; Higashino, Y.; Miyata, H. 2003: Probing the cell peripheral movements by optical trapping technique. Biophysical Journal 84(4): 2664-2670

Sharma, V.K.; Chandrashekaran, M.K. 2000: Probing the circadian oscillator of a mammal by two-pulse perturbations. Chronobiology International 17(2): 129-136

Sharma, V.K.; Chidambaram, R.; Chandrashekaran, M.K. 2000: Probing the circadian pacemaker of a mouse using two light pulses. Journal of Biological Rhythms 15(1): 67-73

Papoian, G.A.; DeGrado, W.F.; Klein, M.L. 2003: Probing the configurational space of a metalloprotein core: an ab initio molecular dynamics study of Duo Ferro 1 binuclear Zn cofactor. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125(2): 560-569

Gursky, O. 1999: Probing the conformation of a human apolipoprotein C-1 by amino acid substitutions and trimethylamine-N-oxide. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 8(10): 2055-2064

Acharya, S.A.; Malavalli, A.; Peterson, E.; Sun, P.D.; Ho, C.; Prabhakaran, M.; Arnone, A.; Manjula, B.N.; Friedman, J.M. 2003: Probing the conformation of hemoglobin presbyterian in the R-state. Journal of Protein Chemistry 22(3): 221-230

Wielert-Badt, S.; Lin, J.T.; Lorenz, M.; Fritz, S.; Kinne, R.K. 2000: Probing the conformation of the sugar transport inhibitor phlorizin by 2D-NMR, molecular dynamics studies, and pharmacophore analysis. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 43(9): 1692-1698

Schuman, J.; Campbell, A.P.; Koganty, R.R.; Longenecker, B.M. 2003: Probing the conformational and dynamical effects of O-glycosylation within the immunodominant region of a MUC1 peptide tumor antigen. Journal of Peptide Research: Official Journal of the American Peptide Society 61(3): 91-108

Yang, F.; Cheng, Y.; Peng, J.; Zhou, J.; Jing, G. 2001: Probing the conformational state of a truncated staphylococcal nuclease R using time of flight mass spectrometry with limited proteolysis. European Journal of Biochemistry 268(15): 4227-4232

Gabius, H.J. 2001: Probing the cons and pros of lectin-induced immunomodulation: Case studies for the mistletoe lectin and galectin-1. Biochimie 83(7): 659-666

Volders, P.G.A.; Stengl, M.; van Opstal, J.M.; Gerlach, U.; Spätjens, R.L.H.M.G.; Beekman, J.D.M.; Sipido, K.R.; Vos, M.A. 2003: Probing the contribution of IKs to canine ventricular repolarization: key role for beta-adrenergic receptor stimulation. Circulation 107(21): 2753-2760

Romo, R.; Hernández, A.; Zainos, A.; Lemus, L.; De Lafuente, V.; Luna, R. 2002: Probing the cortical neuronal correlates of a sensory discrimination process. Archives Italiennes de Biologie 140(3): 253-262

Kratz, F.; Warnecke, Aé.; Scheuermann, K.; Stockmar, C.; Schwab, Jürgen.; Lazar, P.; Drückes, P.; Esser, N.; Drevs, J.; Rognan, D.; Bissantz, C.; Hinderling, C.; Folkers, G.; Fichtner, I.; Unger, C. 2002: Probing the cysteine-34 position of endogenous serum albumin with thiol-binding doxorubicin derivatives. Improved efficacy of an acid-sensitive doxorubicin derivative with specific albumin-binding properties compared to that of the parent compound. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 45(25): 5523-5533

Medina, M.; Luquita, A.; Tejero, J.; Hermoso, J.; Mayoral, T.; Sanz-Aparicio, J.; Grever, K.; Gomez-Moreno, C. 2001: Probing the determinants of coenzyme specificity in ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase by site-directed mutagenesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(15): 11902-11912

Milner, S.J.; Carver, J.A.; Ballard, F.J.; Francis, G.L. 1999: Probing the disulfide folding pathway of insulin-like growth factor-I. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 62(6): 693-703

Dieckmann, R.; Pavela-Vrancic, M.; von Döhren, H.; Kleinkauf, H. 1999: Probing the domain structure and ligand-induced conformational changes by limited proteolysis of tyrocidine synthetase 1. Journal of Molecular Biology 288(1): 129-140

Murata-Hori, M.; Tatsuka, M.; Wang, Y.-L. 2002: Probing the dynamics and functions of aurora B kinase in living cells during mitosis and cytokinesis. Molecular Biology of the Cell 13(4): 1099-1108

Mullineaux, C.W.; Sarcina, M. 2002: Probing the dynamics of photosynthetic membranes with fluorescence recovery after photobleaching. Trends in Plant Science 7(6): 237-240

Ira; Krishnamoorthy, G. 1998: Probing the dynamics of planar supported membranes by Nile red fluorescence lifetime distribution. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1414(1-2): 255-259

Fatemi, M.; Greenleaf, J.F. 2000: Probing the dynamics of tissue at low frequencies with the radiation force of ultrasound. Physics in Medicine and Biology 45(6): 1449-1464

Cross, S.E.; Pugh, W.J.; Hadgraft, J.; Roberts, M.S. 2001: Probing the effect of vehicles on topical delivery: Understanding the basic relationship between solvent and solute penetration using silicone membranes. Pharmaceutical Research 18(7): 999-1005

Stellwagen, E.; Stellwagen, N.C. 2003: Probing the electrostatic shielding of DNA with capillary electrophoresis. Biophysical Journal 84(3): 1855-1866

Bacia, K.; Majoul, I.V.; Schwille, P. 2002: Probing the endocytic pathway in live cells using dual-color fluorescence cross-correlation analysis. Biophysical Journal 83(2): 1184-1193

Biot, C.; Buisine, E.; Kwasigroch, J-Marc.; Wintjens, Ré.; Rooman, M. 2002: Probing the energetic and structural role of amino acid/nucleobase cation-pi interactions in protein-ligand complexes. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(43): 40816-40822

Gao, J.; Wu, Q.; Carbeck, J.; Lei, Q.P.; Smith, R.D.; Whitesides, G.M. 1999: Probing the energetics of dissociation of carbonic anhydrase-ligand complexes in the gas phase. Biophysical Journal 76(6): 3253-3260

Hanna, M.M.; Yuriev, E.; Zhang, J.; Riggs, D.L. 1999: Probing the environment of nascent RNA in Escherichia coli transcription elongation complexes utilizing a new fluorescent ribonucleotide analog. Nucleic Acids Research 27(5): 1369-1376

Williamson, P.T.F.; Bains, S.; Chung, C.; Cooke, R.; Watts, A. 2002: Probing the environment of neurotensin whilst bound to the neurotensin receptor by solid state NMR. FEBS Letters 518(1-3): 111-115

Tew, D.J.; Bottomley, S.P. 2001: Probing the equilibrium denaturation of the serpin alpha(1)-antitrypsin with single tryptophan mutants; evidence for structure in the urea unfolded state. Journal of Molecular Biology 313(5): 1161-1169

Lyon, C.E.; Suh, E-Sik.; Dobson, C.M.; Hore, P.J. 2002: Probing the exposure of tyrosine and tryptophan residues in partially folded proteins and folding intermediates by CIDNP pulse-labeling. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124(44): 13018-13024

de L Ufret, M.; Imperiali, B. 2000: Probing the extended binding determinants of oligosaccharyl transferase with synthetic inhibitors of asparagine-linked glycosylation. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 10(3): 281-284

Uitto, J.; Pfendner, E.; Jackson, L.G. 2003: Probing the fetal genome: Progress in non-invasive prenatal diagnosis. Trends in Molecular Medicine 9(8): 339-343

Tong, Y.; Liu-Chen, X.; Ercikan-Abali, E.A.; Zhao, S.C.; Banerjee, D.; Maley, F.; Bertino, J.R. 1998: Probing the folate-binding site of human thymidylate synthase by site-directed mutagenesis. Generation of mutants that confer resistance to raltitrexed, Thymitaq, and BW1843U89. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(47): 31209-31214

Harvill, E.T.; Cotter, P.A.; Yuk, M.H.; Miller, J.F. 1999: Probing the function of Bordetella bronchiseptica adenylate cyclase toxin by manipulating host immunity. Infection and Immunity 67(3): 1493-1500

Meda, P. 2000: Probing the function of connexin channels in primary tissues. Methods 20(2): 232-244

Jackson, M.D.; Fjeld, C.C.; Denu, J.M. 2003: Probing the function of conserved residues in the serine/threonine phosphatase PP2Calpha. Biochemistry 42(28): 8513-8521

Keng, Y.F.; Wu, L.; Zhang, Z.Y. 1999: Probing the function of the conserved tryptophan in the flexible loop of the Yersinia protein-tyrosine phosphatase. European Journal of Biochemistry 259(3): 809-814

Aliverti, A.; Deng, Z.; Ravasi, D.; Piubelli, L.; Karplus, P.A.; Zanetti, G. 1998: Probing the function of the invariant glutamyl residue 312 in spinach ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase. Journal of Biological Chemistry 273(51): 34008-34015

Hanessian, S.; Kornienko, A.; Swayze, E.E. 2003: Probing the functional requirements of the L-haba side-chain of amikacin-synthesis, 16S A-site rRNA binding, and antibacterial activity. Tetrahedron 59(7): 995-1007, 10 February

Bell, A.F.; He, X.; Wachter, R.M.; Tonge, P.J. 2000: Probing the ground state structure of the green fluorescent protein chromophore using Raman spectroscopy. Biochemistry 39(15): 4423-4431

Azar, G.M.; Conte, R.A.; Kleyman, S.M.; Logush, A.Z.; Verma, R.S. 1999: Probing the human genome in search for a new 3q syndrome. Annales de Genetique 42(2): 95-100

Medoff, D.R.; Holcomb, H.H.; Lahti, A.C.; Tamminga, C.A. 2001: Probing the human hippocampus using rCBF: contrasts in schizophrenia. Hippocampus 11(5): 543-550

Comtesse, N.; Heckel, D.; Maldener, E.; Glass, B.; Meese, E. 2000: Probing the human natural autoantibody repertoire using an immunoscreening approach. Clinical and Experimental Immunology 121(3): 430-436

Mobini, R.; Magnusson, Y.; Wallukat, G.; Viguier, M.; Hjalmarson, A.; Hoebeke, J. 1999: Probing the immunological properties of the extracellular domains of the human beta(1)-adrenoceptor. Journal of Autoimmunity 13(2): 179-186

Hallett, M.A.; Lo, H.Shuen.; Bender, A. 2002: Probing the importance and potential roles of the binding of the PH-domain protein Boi1 to acidic phospholipids. Bmc Cell Biology 3: 16

Arkin, M.R.; Wells, J.A. 1998: Probing the importance of second sphere residues in an esterolytic antibody by phage display. Journal of Molecular Biology 284(4): 1083-1094

Dupuy, L.C.; Kelly, N.J.; Elgavish, T.E.; Harvey, S.C.; Morrow, C.D. 2003: Probing the importance of tRNA anticodon: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RNA genome complementarity with an HIV-1 that selects tRNA(Glu) for replication. Journal of Virology 77(16): 8756-8764

Tsai, C.H.; Larson, S.C.; Shen, T.J.; Ho, N.T.; Fisher, G.W.; Tam, M.F.; Ho, C. 2001: Probing the importance of the amino-terminal sequence of the beta- and gamma-chains to the properties of normal adult and fetal hemoglobins. Biochemistry 40(40): 12169-12177

Numaguchi, H.; Mullins, F.M.; Johnson, J.P.; Johns, D.C.; Po, S.S.; Yang, I.C.; Tomaselli, G.F.; Balser, J.R. 2000: Probing the interaction between inactivation gating and Dd-sotalol block of HERG. Circulation Research 87(11): 1012-1018

Marks, R.M.; Lu, H.; Sundaresan, R.; Toida, T.; Suzuki, A.; Imanari, T.; Hernáiz, M.J.; Linhardt, R.J. 2001: Probing the interaction of dengue virus envelope protein with heparin: assessment of glycosaminoglycan-derived inhibitors. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 44(13): 2178-2187

Patel, S.; Jazrawi, E.; Creighton, A.M.; Austin, C.A.; Fisher, L.M. 2000: Probing the interaction of the cytotoxic bisdioxopiperazine ICRF-193 with the closed enzyme clamp of human topoisomerase IIalpha. Molecular Pharmacology 58(3): 560-568

Cochran, S.; Li, C.; Fairweather, J.K.; Kett, W.C.; Coombe, D.R.; Ferro, V. 2003: Probing the interactions of phosphosulfomannans with angiogenic growth factors by surface plasmon resonance. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 46(21): 4601-4608

Carlsson, K.; Freskgård, P-Ola.; Persson, E.; Carlsson, U.; Svensson, M. 2003: Probing the interface between factor Xa and tissue factor in the quaternary complex tissue factor-factor VIIa-factor Xa-tissue factor pathway inhibitor. European Journal of Biochemistry 270(12): 2576-2582

Fyfe, P.K.; Mcauley, K.E.; Roszak, A.W.; Isaacs, N.W.; Cogdell, R.J.; Jones, M.R. 2001: Probing the interface between membrane proteins and membrane lipids by X-ray crystallography. Trends in Biochemical Sciences 26(2): 106-112

Smith, S.A.; Mclaughlin, L.W. 1999: Probing the interface of the trp repressor-operator complex using operator sequences containing isosteric base-pair analogues. Bioorganic Chemistry 27(3): 215-226

Felmy, F.; Neher, E.; Schneggenburger, R. 2003: Probing the intracellular calcium sensitivity of transmitter release during synaptic facilitation. Neuron 37(5): 801-811

Block, S.M.; Asbury, C.L.; Shaevitz, J.W.; Lang, M.J. 2003: Probing the kinesin reaction cycle with a 2D optical force clamp. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 100(5): 2351-2356

Murphy, R.M.; Pallitto, M.M. 2000: Probing the kinetics of beta-amyloid self-association. Journal of Structural Biology 130(2-3): 109-122

Mazères, S.; Lagane, B.; Welby, M.; Trégou, V.; Lopez, A. 2001: Probing the lateral organization of membranes: Fluorescence repercussions of pyrene probe distribution. Spectrochimica Acta. Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 57(11): 2297-2311

Chen, G.Q.; Sun, Y.; Jin, R.; Gouaux, E. 1998: Probing the ligand binding domain of the GluR2 receptor by proteolysis and deletion mutagenesis defines domain boundaries and yields a crystallizable construct. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 7(12): 2623-2630

Hampson, D.R.; Huang, X.P.; Pekhletski, R.; Peltekova, V.; Hornby, G.; Thomsen, C.; Thøgersen, H. 1999: Probing the ligand-binding domain of the mGluR4 subtype of metabotropic glutamate receptor. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(47): 33488-33495

Jiang, Y.L.; Drohat, A.C.; Ichikawa, Y.; Stivers, J.T. 2002: Probing the limits of electrostatic catalysis by uracil DNA glycosylase using transition state mimicry and mutagenesis. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(18): 15385-15392

Gorshkova, I.N.; Liadaki, K.; Gursky, O.; Atkinson, D.; Zannis, V.I. 2000: Probing the lipid-free structure and stability of apolipoprotein A-I by mutation. Biochemistry 39(51): 15910-15919

Meng, M.; Chane, T.L.; Sun, Y.J.; Hsiao, C.D. 1999: Probing the location and function of the conserved histidine residue of phosphoglucose isomerase by using an active site directed inhibitor N-bromoacetylethanolamine phosphate. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 8(11): 2438-2443

Karata, K.; Verma, C.S.; Wilkinson, A.J.; Ogura, T. 2001: Probing the mechanism of ATP hydrolysis and substrate translocation in the AAA protease FtsH by modelling and mutagenesis. Molecular Microbiology 39(4): 890-903

Meesapyodsuk, D.; Reed, D.W.; Cheevadhanarak, S.; Deshnium, P.; Covello, P.S. 2001: Probing the mechanism of a cyanobacterial Delta9 fatty acid desaturase from Spirulina platensis C1 (Arthrospira sp. PCC 9438). Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part B Biochemistry and Molecular Biology 129(4): 831-835

Guan, L.; Sahin-Tóth, M.ós.; Kálai, T.ás.; Hideg, K.ál.án.; Kaback, H.R. 2003: Probing the mechanism of a membrane transport protein with affinity inactivators. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(12): 10641-10648

Chanturiya, A.; Scaria, P.; Kuksenok, O.; Woodle, M.C. 2002: Probing the mechanism of fusion in a two-dimensional computer simulation. Biophysical Journal 82(6): 3072-3080

Korotchkina, L.G.; Patel, M.S. 2001: Probing the mechanism of inactivation of human pyruvate dehydrogenase by phosphorylation of three sites. Journal of Biological Chemistry 276(8): 5731-5738

Nielsen, L.; Frokjaer, S.; Brange, J.; Uversky, V.N.; Fink, A.L. 2001: Probing the mechanism of insulin fibril formation with insulin mutants. Biochemistry 40(28): 8397-8409

Natochin, M.; Moussaif, M.; Artemyev, N.O. 2001: Probing the mechanism of rhodopsin-catalyzed transducin activation. Journal of Neurochemistry 77(1): 202-210

Loeppky, R.N.; Fuchs, A.; Janzowski, C.; Humberd, C.; Goelzer, P.; Schneider, H.; Eisenbrand, G. 1998: Probing the mechanism of the carcinogenic activation of N-nitrosodiethanolamine with deuterium isotope effects: In vivo induction of DNA single-strand breaks and related in vitro assays. Chemical Research in Toxicology 11(12): 1556-1566

Cullis, P.M.; Green, R.E.; Merson-Davies, L.; Travis, N. 1999: Probing the mechanism of transport and compartmentalisation of polyamines in mammalian cells. Chemistry and Biology 6(10): 717-729

Immonen, A.; Saarelainen, S.; Rautiainen, J.; Rytkönen-Nissinen, M.; Kinnunen, T.; Mäntyjärvi, R.; Virtanen, T. 2003: Probing the mechanisms of low immunogenicity of a lipocalin allergen, Bos d 2, in a mouse model. Clinical and Experimental Allergy: Journal of the British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology 33(6): 834-841

Wu, H.-F.; Chen, C.-H.; Lu, L.-C. 2003: Probing the mechanisms of the self ion-molecule reactions of dopamine in an ion trap mass spectrometer. Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry: Rcm 17(13): 1479-1482

Ray, A.S.; Schinazi, R.F.; Murakami, E.; Basavapathruni, A.; Shi, J.; Zorca, S.M.; Chu, C.K.; Anderson, K.S. 2003: Probing the mechanistic consequences of 5-fluorine substitution on cytidine nucleotide analogue incorporation by HIV-1 reverse transcriptase. Antiviral Chemistry and ChemoTherapy 14(3): 115-125

Pavlov, P.F.; Glaser, E. 2002: Probing the membrane topology of a subunit of the mitochondrial protein translocase, Tim44, with biotin maleimide. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 293(1): 321-326

Harb, O.S.; Abu Kwaik, Y. 1999: Probing the microenvironment of intracellular bacterial pathogens. Microbes and Infection 1(6): 445-453

Caporale, C.; Caruso, C.; Facchiano, A.; Nobile, M.; Leonardi, L.; Bertini, L.; Colonna, G.; Buonocore, V. 1999: Probing the modelled structure of wheatwin1 by controlled proteolysis and sequence analysis of unfractionated digestion mixtures. Proteins 36(2): 192-204

Karlsson, J.G.; Andersson, L.I.; Nicholls, I.A. 2001: Probing the molecular basis for ligand-selective recognition in molecularly imprinted polymers selective for the local anaesthetic bupivacaine. Analytica Chimica Acta 435(1): 57-64

Guo, X.-L.; Shen, K.; Wang, F.; Lawrence, D.S.; Zhang, Z.-Y. 2002: Probing the molecular basis for potent and selective protein-tyrosine phosphatase 1B inhibition. Journal of Biological Chemistry 277(43): 41014-41022

Rezaie, A.R.; Yang, L. 2001: Probing the molecular basis of factor Xa specificity by mutagenesis of the serpin, antithrombin. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1528(2-3): 167-176

Wittke, S.; Lewke, N.; Müller, S.; Johnsson, N. 1999: Probing the molecular environment of membrane proteins in vivo. Molecular Biology of the Cell 10(8): 2519-2530

Leon, D.A.; Canaves, J.M.; Taylor, S.S. 2000: Probing the multidomain structure of the type I regulatory subunit of cAMP-dependent protein kinase using mutational analysis: Role and environment of endogenous tryptophans. Biochemistry 39(19): 5662-5671

Eckardt, N.A. 2002: Probing the mysteries of lignin biosynthesis: the crystal structure of caffeic acid/5-hydroxyferulic acid 3/5-O-methyltransferase provides new insights. Plant Cell 14(6): 1185-1189

Redeker, V.; Lachkar, S.; Siavoshian, S.; Charbaut, E.; Rossier, J.; Sobel, A.; Curmi, P.A. 2000: Probing the native structure of stathmin and its interaction domains with tubulin. Combined use of limited proteolysis, size exclusion chromatography, and mass spectrometry. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(10): 6841-6849

Craven, C.J.; Derix, N.M.; Hendriks, J.; Boelens, R.; Hellingwerf, K.J.; Kaptein, R. 2000: Probing the nature of the blue-shifted intermediate of photoactive yellow protein in solution by NMR: Hydrogen-deuterium exchange data and pH studies. Biochemistry 39(47): 14392-14399

Proteau, P.J. 1998: Probing the non-mevalonate pathway to phytol in the cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp. UTEX 2470 using deuterium-labeled glucose. Tetrahedron Letters 39(51): 9373-9376

Plesniak, L.; Horiuchi, Y.; Sem, D.; Meinenger, D.; Stiles, L.; Shaffer, J.; Jennings, P.A.; Adams, J.A. 2002: Probing the nucleotide binding domain of the osmoregulator EnvZ using fluorescent nucleotide derivatives. Biochemistry 41(47): 13876-13882

Vincent, S.; Chen, S.; Wilson, D.B.; Ganem, B. 2002: Probing the overlap of chorismate mutase and prephenate dehydrogenase sites in the Escherichia coli T-protein: A dehydrogenase-selective inhibitor. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 12(6): 929-931

Dubus, A.; Lloyd, M.D.; Lee, H.J.; Schofield, C.J.; Baldwin, J.E.; Frere, J.M. 2001: Probing the penicillin sidechain selectivity of recombinant deacetoxycephalosporin C synthase. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: Cmls 58(5-6): 835-843

Burgard, A.P.; Maranas, C.D. 2001: Probing the performance limits of the Escherichia coli metabolic network subject to gene additions or deletions. Biotechnology and Bioengineering 74(5): 364-375

Andel, F.; Murphy, J.T.; Haas, J.A.; McDowell, M.T.; van der Hoef, I.; Lugtenburg, J.; Lagarias, J.C.; Mathies, R.A. 2000: Probing the photoreaction mechanism of phytochrome through analysis of resonance Raman vibrational spectra of recombinant analogues. Biochemistry 39(10): 2667-2676

Grillo, A.O.; Brown, M.P.; Royer, C.A. 1999: Probing the physical basis for trp repressor-operator recognition. Journal of Molecular Biology 287(3): 539-554

Jochem, F.J. 2000: Probing the physiological state of phytoplankton at the single-cell level. Scientia Marina 64(2): 183-195

Pedras, M.Soledade.C.; Ahiahonu, P.W.K. 2002: Probing the phytopathogenic stem rot fungus with phytoalexins and analogues: Unprecedented glucosylation of camalexin and 6-methoxycamalexin. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 10(10): 3307-3312

Masciangioli, T.; Devanathan, S.; Cusanovich, M.A.; Tollin, G.; el-Sayed, M.A. 2000: Probing the primary event in the photocycle of photoactive yellow protein using photochemical hole-burning technique. Photochemistry and Photobiology 72(5): 639-644

Ablordeppey, S.Y.; Fischer, J.B.; Law, H.; Glennon, R.A. 2002: Probing the proposed phenyl-A region of the sigma-1 receptor. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry 10(8): 2759-2765

Klare, J.P.; Schmies, G.; Chizhov, I.; Shimono, K.; Kamo, N.; Engelhard, M. 2002: Probing the proton channel and the retinal binding site of Natronobacterium pharaonis sensory rhodopsin Ii. Biophysical Journal 82(4): 2156-2164

Culver, G.M.; Heilek, G.M.; Noller, H.F. 1999: Probing the rRNA environment of ribosomal protein S5 across the subunit interface and inside the 30 S subunit using tethered Fe(II). Journal of Molecular Biology 286(2): 355-364

Turner, B.E.; Branchaud, B.P. 1999: Probing the radical mechanism of galactose oxidase using an ultrafast radical probe. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 9(23): 3341-3346

Scaloni, A.; Ferranti, P.; De Simone, G.; Mamone, G.; Sannolo, N.; Malorni, A. 1999: Probing the reactivity of nucleophile residues in human 2,3-diphosphoglycerate/deoxy-hemoglobin complex by aspecific chemical modifications. FEBS Letters 452(3): 190-194

Jennings, J.Richard.; van der Molen, M.W.; Debski, K.B. 2002: Probing the response selection bottleneck with a cardiac measure: Individual differences in strategy for a psychological refractory period task. Biological Psychology 59(3): 207-230

Dang, H.; England, P.M.; Farivar, S.S.; Dougherty, D.A.; Lester, H.A. 2000: Probing the role of a conserved M1 proline residue in 5-hydroxytryptamine(3) receptor gating. Molecular Pharmacology 57(6): 1114-1122

Ramasubbu, N.; Ragunath, C.; Mishra, P.J. 2003: Probing the role of a mobile loop in substrate binding and enzyme activity of human salivary amylase. Journal of Molecular Biology 325(5): 1061-1076

Mazumdar, A.; Bandyopadhyay, D.; Bandyopadhyay, U.; Banerjee, R.K. 2002: Probing the role of active site histidine residues in the catalytic activity of lacrimal gland peroxidase. Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 237(1-2): 21-30

Berry, S.M.; Ralle, M.; Low, D.W.; Blackburn, N.J.; Lu, Y. 2003: Probing the role of axial methionine in the blue copper center of azurin with unnatural amino acids. Journal of the American Chemical Society 125(29): 8760-8768

Gordon, D.J.; Meredith, S.C. 2003: Probing the role of backbone hydrogen bonding in beta-amyloid fibrils with inhibitor peptides containing ester bonds at alternate positions. Biochemistry 42(2): 475-485

Faro, M.; Frago, S.; Mayoral, T.; Hermoso, J.A.; Sanz-Aparicio, J.; Gómez-Moreno, C.; Medina, M. 2002: Probing the role of glutamic acid 139 of Anabaena ferredoxin-NADP+ reductase in the interaction with substrates. European Journal of Biochemistry 269(20): 4938-4947

Shultz, M.D.; Chmielewski, J. 1999: Probing the role of interfacial residues in a dimerization inhibitor of HIV-1 protease. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 9(16): 2431-2436

Renodon-Cornière, A.; Sørensen, T.K.; Jensen, P.B.; Nitiss, J.L.; Søkilde, B.; Sehested, M.; Jensen, L.H. 2003: Probing the role of linker substituents in bisdioxopiperazine analogs for activity against wild-type and mutant human topoisomerase II alpha. Molecular Pharmacology 63(5): 1159-1168

Clantin, B.; Tricot, C.; Lonhienne, T.; Stalon, V.; Villeret, V. 2001: Probing the role of oligomerization in the high thermal stability of Pyrococcus furiosus ornithine carbamoyltransferase by site-specific mutants. European Journal of Biochemistry 268(14): 3937-3942

Kosztin, D.; Gumport, R.I.; Schulten, K. 1999: Probing the role of structural water in a duplex oligodeoxyribonucleotide containing a water-mimicking base analog. Nucleic Acids Research 27(17): 3550-3556

Gamper, M.; Hilvert, D.; Kast, P. 2000: Probing the role of the C-terminus of Bacillus subtilis chorismate mutase by a novel random protein-termination strategy. Biochemistry 39(46): 14087-14094

Numao, S.; Maurus, R.; Sidhu, G.; Wang, Y.; Overall, C.M.; Brayer, G.D.; Withers, S.G. 2002: Probing the role of the chloride ion in the mechanism of human pancreatic alpha-amylase. Biochemistry 41(1): 215-225

Brown, M.P.; Grillo, A.O.; Boyer, M.; Royer, C.A. 1999: Probing the role of water in the tryptophan repressor-operator complex. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 8(6): 1276-1285

Stokell, D.J.; Donald, L.J.; Maurus, R.; Nguyen, N.T.; Sadler, G.; Choudhary, K.; Hultin, P.G.; Brayer, G.D.; Duckworth, H.W. 2003: Probing the roles of key residues in the unique regulatory NADH binding site of type Ii citrate synthase of Escherichia coli. Journal of Biological Chemistry 278(37): 35435-35443

Clark, R.B.; Rich, T.C. 2003: Probing the roles of protein kinases in g-protein-coupled receptor desensitization. Molecular Pharmacology 64(5): 1015-1017

Dai, H.; Mao, Q.; Yang, H.; Huang, S.; Chang, Z. 2000: Probing the roles of the only universally conserved leucine residue (Leu122) in the oligomerization and chaperone-like activity of Mycobacterium tuberculosis small heat shock protein Hsp16.3. Journal of Protein Chemistry 19(4): 319-326

Pfaffendorf, M.; Batink, H.D.; Tränkle, C.; Mohr, K.; van Zwieten, P.A. 2000: Probing the selectivity of allosteric modulators of muscarinic receptors at other G-protein-coupled receptors. Journal of Autonomic Pharmacology 20(1): 55-62

Arii, Y.; Hirose, M. 2002: Probing the serpin structural-transition mechanism in ovalbumin mutant R339T by proteolytic-cleavage kinetics of the reactive-centre loop. Biochemical Journal 363(Part 2): 403-409

Connaris, H.; Takimoto, T.; Russell, R.; Crennell, S.; Moustafa, I.; Portner, A.; Taylor, G. 2002: Probing the sialic acid binding site of the hemagglutinin-neuraminidase of Newcastle disease virus: identification of key amino acids involved in cell binding, catalysis, and fusion. Journal of Virology 76(4): 1816-1824

Gerashchenko, B.I.; Gun'ko, V.M.; Gerashchenko, I.I.; Mironyuk, I.F.; Leboda, R.; Hosoya, H. 2002: Probing the silica surfaces by red blood cells. Cytometry 49(2): 56-61

Bender, W.; Staudt, M.; Tränkle, C.; Mohr, K.; Holzgrabe, U. 2000: Probing the size of a hydrophobic binding pocket within the allosteric site of muscarinic acetylcholine M2-receptors. Life Sciences 66(18): 1675-1682

Haralampus-Grynaviski, N.M.; Lamb, L.E.; Simon, J.D.; Krogmeier, J.R.; Dunn, R.C.; Pawlak, A.; Rózanowska, M.; Sarna, T.; Burke, J.M. 2001: Probing the spatial dependence of the emission spectrum of single human retinal lipofuscin granules using near-field scanning optical microscopy. Photochemistry and Photobiology 74(2): 364-368

Vernal, J.; Fiser, Aás.; Sali, A.; Müller, Mós.; Cazzulo, J.José.; Nowicki, C. 2002: Probing the specificity of a trypanosomal aromatic alpha-hydroxy acid dehydrogenase by site-directed mutagenesis. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 293(1): 633-639

Portaro, F.C.; Santos, A.B.; Cezari, M.H.; Juliano, M.A.; Juliano, L.; Carmona, E. 2000: Probing the specificity of cysteine proteinases at subsites remote from the active site: analysis of P4, P3, P2' and P3' variations in extended substrates. Biochemical Journal 347 Pt 1: 123-129

Dybwad, A.; Lambin, P.; Sioud, M.; Zouali, M. 2003: Probing the specificity of human myeloma proteins with a random peptide phage library. Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 57(6): 583-590

Schuster, B.; Sleytr, U.B.; Diederich, A.; Bähr, G.; Winterhalter, M. 1999: Probing the stability of S-layer-supported planar lipid membranes. European Biophysics Journal: Ebj 28(7): 583-590

Severino, E.A.; Costenaro, E.R.; Garcia, A.L.L.; Correia, C.Roque.D. 2003: Probing the stereoselectivity of the Heck arylation of endocyclic enecarbamates with diazonium salts. Concise syntheses of (2S,5R)-phenylproline methyl ester and Schramm's C-azanucleoside. Organic Letters 5(3): 305-308

Pasqualini, R.; Arap, W.; Mcdonald, D.M. 2002: Probing the structural and molecular diversity of tumor vasculature. Trends in Molecular Medicine 8(12): 563-571

Perera, L.; Darden, T.A.; Pedersen, L.G. 1999: Probing the structural changes in the light chain of human coagulation factor VIIa due to tissue factor association. Biophysical Journal 77(1): 99-113

Gibbs, A.C.; Bjorndahl, T.C.; Hodges, R.S.; Wishart, D.S. 2002: Probing the structural determinants of type II' beta-turn formation in peptides and proteins. Journal of the American Chemical Society 124(7): 1203-1213

Chang, L.S.; Lin, S.R.; Wang, J.J.; Chang, C.C. 2001: Probing the structural diversities of long alpha-neurotoxins by fluorescence quenching studies. Journal of Protein Chemistry 20(2): 115-121

Johansson, J.S. 1998: Probing the structural features of volatile anesthetic binding sites with synthetic peptides. Toxicology Letters (Shannon) 100-101: 369-375

Larsen, O.F.; van Stokkum, I.H.; Gobets, B.; van Grondelle, R.; van Amerongen, H. 2001: Probing the structure and dynamics of a DNA hairpin by ultrafast quenching and fluorescence depolarization. Biophysical Journal 81(2): 1115-1126

Benito, Y.; Kolb, F.A.; Romby, P.; Lina, G.; Etienne, J.; Vandenesch, F. 2000: Probing the structure of RNAIII, the Staphylococcus aureus agr regulatory RNA, and identification of the RNA domain involved in repression of protein A expression. Rna 6(5): 668-679

Sabnis, Y.A.; Desai, P.V.; Rosenthal, P.J.; Avery, M.A. 2003: Probing the structure of falcipain-3, a cysteine protease from Plasmodium falciparum: comparative protein modeling and docking studies. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 12(3): 501-509

Trottier, M.; Mat-Arip, Y.; Zhang, C.; Chen, C.; Sheng, S.; Shao, Z.; Guo, P. 2000: Probing the structure of monomers and dimers of the bacterial virus phi29 hexamer RNA complex by chemical modification. Rna 6(9): 1257-1266

Poon, K.; Macgregor, R.B. 1999: Probing the structure of multi-stranded guanine-rich DNA complexes by Raman spectroscopy and enzymatic degradation. Biophysical Chemistry 79(1): 11-23

Anderson, L.B.; Ouellette, A.J.; Barry, B.A. 2000: Probing the structure of photosystem Ii with amines and phenylhydrazine. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(7): 4920-4927

O'Brien, J.A.; Taylor, J.A.; Bellamy, A.R. 2000: Probing the structure of rotavirus NSP4: a short sequence at the extreme C terminus mediates binding to the inner capsid particle. Journal of Virology 74(11): 5388-5394

Hu, D.; Crist, M.; Duan, X.; Quiocho, F.A.; Gimble, F.S. 2000: Probing the structure of the PI-SceI-DNA complex by affinity cleavage and affinity photocross-linking. Journal of Biological Chemistry 275(4): 2705-2712

Petersen, C.E.; Ha, C-Eun.; Curry, S.; Bhagavan, N.V. 2002: Probing the structure of the warfarin-binding site on human serum albumin using site-directed mutagenesis. Proteins 47(2): 116-125

Kaberdin, V.R. 2003: Probing the substrate specificity of Escherichia coli RNase E using a novel oligonucleotide-based assay. Nucleic Acids Research 31(16): 4710-4716

Ho, Y.S.; Sheffield, P.J.; Masuyama, J.; Arai, H.; Li, J.; Aoki, J.; Inoue, K.; Derewenda, U.; Derewenda, Z.S. 1999: Probing the substrate specificity of the intracellular brain platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase. Protein Engineering 12(8): 693-700

Niccolai, N.; Spadaccini, R.; Scarselli, M.; Bernini, A.; Crescenzi, O.; Spiga, O.; Ciutti, A.; Di Maro, D.; Bracci, L.; Dalvit, C.; Temussi, P.A. 2001: Probing the surface of a sweet protein: NMR study of MNEi with a paramagnetic probe. Protein Science: a Publication of the Protein Society 10(8): 1498-1507

Bray, M.R.; Bisland, S.; Perampalam, S.; Lim, W.M.; Gariépy, J. 2001: Probing the surface of eukaryotic cells using combinatorial toxin libraries. Current Biology: Cb 11(9): 697-701

Higgins, M.J.; Sader, J.E.; Mulvaney, P.; Wetherbee, R. 2003: Probing the surface of living diatoms with atomic force microscopy: The nanostructure and nanomechanical properties of the mucilage layer. Journal of Phycology 39(4): 722-734

Fischer, K.; Spange, S.; Fischer, S.; Bellmann, C.; Adams, J. 2002: Probing the surface polarity of native celluloses using genuine solvatochromic dyes. Cellulose 9(1): 31-40

Bantscheff, M.; Glocker, M.O.; Weiss, V. 1998: Probing the tertiary structure of multidomain proteins by limited proteolysis and mass spectrometry. European Mass Spectrometry 4(4): 279-285

Bouvier, M.; Stafford, W.F. 2000: Probing the three-dimensional structure of human calreticulin. Biochemistry 39(48): 14950-14959

Lachnit, H.; Lipp, O.V.; Gryschok, N.S. 2002: Probing the time course of nonlinear discriminations during human electrodermal conditioning. Learning and Motivation 33(2): 269-283

Pellegrini, M.; Tancredi, M.; Rovero, P.; Mierke, D.F. 1999: Probing the topological arrangement of the N- and C-terminal residues of bradykinin for agonist activity at the B1 receptor. Journal of Medicinal Chemistry 42(17): 3369-3377

Vincent, S.P.; Grenier, S.; Mioskowski, C.; Salesse, C.; Lebeau, L. 2001: Probing the transducin nucleotide binding site with GDP analogues. Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters 11(9): 1185-1188

Zhang, D.H.; Yang, M.; Collins, M.A.; Lee, S.-Y. 2002: Probing the transition state via photoelectron and photodetachment spectroscopy of H(3)O(-). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 99(18): 11579-11582

Miyoshi, H. 2001: Probing the ubiquinone reduction site in bovine mitochondrial complex I using a series of synthetic ubiquinones and inhibitors. Journal of Bioenergetics and Biomembranes 33(3): 223-231

James, E.L.; Whisstock, J.C.; Gore, M.G.; Bottomley, S.P. 1999: Probing the unfolding pathway of alpha1-antitrypsin. Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(14): 9482-9488

Swamy, N.; Addo, J.; Vskokovic, M.R.; Ray, R. 2000: Probing the vitamin D sterol-binding pocket of human vitamin D-binding protein with bromoacetate affinity labeling reagents containing the affinity probe at C-3, C-6, C-11, and C-19 positions of parent vitamin D sterols. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics 373(2): 471-478

Carneiro, C.M.M.; Merzlyak, P.G.; Yuldasheva, L.N.; Silva, L.G.; Thinnes, F.P.; Krasilnikov, O.V. 2003: Probing the volume changes during voltage gating of Porin 31BM channel with nonelectrolyte polymers. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1612(2): 144-153

Robeson, J.; Skarmeta, A.M.ria 2000: Probing transfer of an IncP replicon to natural marine bacteria. Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia 35(2): 121-125

Lin, J.; Kormanec, J.; Homerová, D.; Kinne, R.K. 1999: Probing transmembrane topology of the high-affinity sodium/glucose cotransporter (SGLT1) with Histidine-tagged mutants. Journal of Membrane Biology 170(3): 243-252

Gannett, P.M.; Darian, E.; Powell, J.; Johnson, E.M.; Mundoma, C.; Greenbaum, N.L.; Ramsey, C.M.; Dalal, N.S.; Budil, D.E. 2002: Probing triplex formation by EPR spectroscopy using a newly synthesized spin label for oligonucleotides. Nucleic Acids Research 30(23): 5328-5337

Forestier, C.; De Champs, C.; Vatoux, C.; Joly, B. 2001: Probiotic activities of Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus: in vitro adherence to intestinal cells and antimicrobial properties. Research in Microbiology 152(2): 167-173

Alvarez-Olmos, M.I.; Oberhelman, R.A. 2001: Probiotic agents and infectious diseases: a modern perspective on a traditional therapy. Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America 32(11): 1567-1576

Vilpponen-Salmela, T.; Alander, M.; Satokari, R.; Björkman, P.; Kontula, P.; Korpela, R.; Saxelin, M.; Mattila-Sandholm, T.; von Wright, A. 2000: Probiotic bacteria and intestinal health: New methods of investigation. Journal of Physiology Paris 94(2): 157-158

Kirjavainen, P.V.; Salminen, S.J.; Isolauri, E. 2003: Probiotic bacteria in the management of atopic disease: underscoring the importance of viability. Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 36(2): 223-227

Bakulina, L.F.; Timofeev, I.V.; Perminova, N.G.; Polushkina, A.F.; Pechorkina, N.I. 2001: Probiotic drugs on the basis of the sporulating microorganisms of the genera Bacillus and their application in veterinary. Biotekhnologiya 2: 48-56

Pervova, A.M. 2003: Probiotic efficiency for industrial poultry keeping. Sel'skokhozyaistvennaya Biologiya 4: 26-30

Sindhu, S.C.; Khetarpaul, N. 2001: Probiotic fermentation of indigenous food mixture: Effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and protein. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis 14(6): 601-609

Sindhu, S.C.; Khetarpaul, N. 2001: Probiotic fermentation of indigenously developed BWGT food blend: Effect on in vitro digestibilities of protein and starch. Annals of Biology 17(2): 219-222

Rani, B.; Khetarpaul, N. 1999: Probiotic fermentation of indigenously developed RSMT mixture: Effect on antinutrients and digestibility of starch and proteins. Journal of Food Science and Technology (Mysore) 36(1): 71-73

O'mahony, L.; Feeney, M.; O'halloran, S.; Murphy, L.; Kiely, B.; Fitzgibbon, J.; Lee, G.; O'sullivan, G.; Shanahan, F.; Collins, J.K. 2001: Probiotic impact on microbial flora, inflammation and tumour development in IL-10 knockout mice. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics 15(8): 1219-1225

Prantera, C.; Scribano, M.L. 2002: Probiotics and Crohn's disease. Digestive and Liver Disease: Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 34(Suppl): S66-S67

Canducci, F.; Cremonini, F.; Armuzzi, A.; Di Caro, S.; Gabrielli, M.; Santarelli, L.; Nista, E.; Lupascu, A.; De Martini, D.; Gasbarrini, A. 2002: Probiotics and Helicobacter pylori eradication. Digestive and Liver Disease: Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 34(Suppl): S81-S83

Miraglia del Giudice, M.; De Luca, M.G.; Capristo, C. 2002: Probiotics and atopic dermatitis. A new strategy in atopic dermatitis. Digestive and Liver Disease: Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 34(Suppl): S68-S71

Taugbol, O. 1999: Probiotics and connected products. Properties in animal nutrition and veterinary medicine. Norsk Veterinaertidsskrift 111(3): 141-143

Gorbach, S.L. 2000: Probiotics and gastrointestinal health. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95(1 Suppl): S2-S4

Cunningham-Rundles, S.; Ahrné, S.; Bengmark, S.; Johann-Liang, R.; Marshall, F.; Metakis, L.; Califano, C.; Dunn, A.M.; Grassey, C.; Hinds, G.; Cervia, J. 2000: Probiotics and immune response. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95(1 Suppl): S22-S25

Saavedra, J. 2000: Probiotics and infectious diarrhea. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95(1 Suppl): S16-S18

Schultz, M.; Sartor, R.B. 2000: Probiotics and inflammatory bowel diseases. American Journal of Gastroenterology 95(1 Suppl): S19-S21

Dani, C.; Biadaioli, R.; Bertini, G.; Martelli, E.; Rubaltelli, F.F. 2002: Probiotics feeding in prevention of urinary tract infection, bacterial sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. A prospective double-blind study. Biology of the Neonate 82(2): 103-108

Isolauri, E. 2003: Probiotics for infectious diarrhoea. Gut 52(3): 436-437

Kennedy, R.J.; Kirk, S.J.; Gardiner, K.R. 2001: Probiotics in IBD. Gut 49(6): 873

Cremonini, F.; Di Caro, S.; Santarelli, L.; Gabrielli, M.; Candelli, M.; Nista, E.C.; Lupascu, A.; Gasbarrini, G.; Gasbarrini, A. 2002: Probiotics in antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. Digestive and Liver Disease: Official Journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver 34(Suppl): S78-S80

Ghadban, G.S. 2002: Probiotics in broiler production: A review. Archiv fuer Gefluegelkunde 66(2): 49-58

Cardona, M.E.; Vanay, V.D.V.; Midtvedt, T.; Norin, K.E.isabeth 2000: Probiotics in gnotobiotic mice: Conversion of cholesterol to coprostanol in vitro and in vivo and bile acid deconjugation in vitro. Microbial Ecology in Health and Disease 12(4): 219-224

Gionchetti, P.; Rizzello, F.; Venturi, A.; Campieri, M. 2000: Probiotics in infective diarrhoea and inflammatory bowel diseases. Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology 15(5): 489-493

Shanahan, F. 2001: Probiotics in inflamatory bowel disease. Gut 48(5): 609

D'Souza, A.L.; Rajkumar, C.; Cooke, J.; Bulpitt, C.J. 2002: Probiotics in prevention of antibiotic associated diarrhoea: meta-analysis. BMJ 324(7350): 1361