Root-piece understock. American Camellia yearbook American Camellia Society: 6) 6-9, 1991
Sorbus as a understock for pears. Sady I Ogorody (6): 25-26, 1941
Cotoneaster as understock for Amelanchier. North American pomona: 12 (2) 95-96, 1978
Burford holly shows value as understock. Amer. Nurserym, 107: 9, 9; 56, 1958