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Fortification of human milk in very low birth weight infants (VLBW <1500 g birth weight)

Adamkin, D.H.; Radmacher, P.G.

Clinics in Perinatology 41(2): 405-421

2014

ISSN/ISBN: 1557-9840
PMID: 24873840
DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2014.02.010
Accession: 053289202
The American Academy of Pediatrics supports the feeding of human milk for all infants. Very-low-birth-weight and extremely low-birth-weight infants especially can benefit from the immune and neurodevelopmental effects of human milk. However, human milk alone is nutritionally inadequate for the rapid growth of the very-low-birth-weight infant during a critical window for brain development and requires fortification to meet current recommendations. There are a variety of products, devices, and strategies that can be used to fine tune nutritional support of these very vulnerable infants.

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Related References

Agrawal, G.; Wazir, S.; Kumar, S.; Yadav, B.Singh.; Balde, M. 2019: Routine versus Selective Fortification of Human Milk with Powdered Human Milk Fortifiers in Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Preterm Infants: A Retrospective Pre-Post Cohort Study Journal of Tropical Pediatrics 65(5): 439-445
Polberger, S.K.; Axelsson, I.E.; Raiha, N.C. 1987: Growth and metabolic responses in very low birth weight vlbw infants fed with ultrafiltrated human milk protein fortified fresh breast milk a model for optimal feeding of vlbw infants Pediatric Research 21(4 Part 2): 435A
Parat, S.; Raza, P.; Kamleh, M.; Super, D.; Groh-Wargo, S. 2020: Targeted Breast Milk Fortification for very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infants: Nutritional Intake, Growth Outcome and Body Composition Nutrients 12(4)
Reali, A.; Greco, F.; Fanaro, S.; Atzei, A.; Puddu, M.; Moi, M.; Fanos, V. 2010: Fortification of maternal milk for very low birth weight (VLBW) pre-term neonates Early Human Development 86(Suppl 1): 33-36
Gwiazdowski, S.G.; Shah, A.R.; Pane, C.R.; Coyle, M.G.; Kurth, C.D.; Chance, B.; Delivoria Papadopoulos, M. 1989: Differential regulation of cerebral oxygenation in very low birth weight vlbw vs low birth weight lbw infants Pediatric Research 25(4 Part 2): 217A
Hawthorne, K.; Abrams, S. 2004: Safety and efficacy of human milk fortification for very-low-birth-weight infants Nutrition reviews 62(12): 482-489
Moro, G.E.; Minoli, I.; Fulconis, F.; Raiha, N.C. 1987: Supplementation of fresh human milk with human milk protein for feeding very low birth weight vlbw infants Pediatric Research 22(1): 100
Yonetani, M.; Matsuo, M.; Nakamura, H. 1991: Catch up growth in very low birth weight vlbw infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia bpd fed fortified human milk Pediatric Research 29(4 Part 2): 306A
Mehta, N.R.; Hamosh, M.; Henderson, T.R.; Hamosh, P. 1992: Gastric lipase activity is higher in human milk fed than in formula fed very low birth weight vlbw infants Pediatric Research 31(4 Part 2): 112A
Van, A.rde J.; Sauer, P.; Heim, T.; Swyer, P.R.; Smith, J. 1987: Composition of weight gain and macronutrient storage in very low birth weight vlbw infants fed own mother's milk omm or medium chain triglyceride mct enriched formula Pediatric Research 21(4 Part 2): 281A
Bhat, B.A.; Bhaskar Gupta 2001: Effects of human milk fortification on morbidity factors in very low birth weight infants Annals of Saudi Medicine 21(5/6): 292-295
Picaud, J.-C.; Houeto, N.; Buffin, R.; Loys, C.-M.; Godbert, I.; Haÿs, S. 2016: Additional Protein Fortification Is Necessary in Extremely Low-Birth-Weight Infants Fed Human Milk Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition 63(1): 103-105
Bhat, B.A.; Gupta, B. 2003: Effects of human milk fortification on morbidity factors in very low birth weight infants Annals of Saudi Medicine 23(1-2): 28-31
Lok, K.Yuet.Wan.; Chau, P.Hing.; Fan, H.Sze.Lok.; Chan, K.Ming.; Chan, B.H.; Fung, G.P.C.; Tarrant, M. 2017: Increase in Weight in Low Birth Weight and Very Low Birth Weight Infants Fed Fortified Breast Milk versus Formula Milk: A Retrospective Cohort Study Nutrients 9(5)
Abrams, S.; Schanler, R.; Garza, C. 1988: Differences in bone mineralization persist at one year of age between human milk and formula fed former very low birth weight vlbw infants Pediatric Research 23(4 Part 2): 477A
Alemi, B.; Hamosh, M.; Scanlon, J.W.; Salzman-Mann, C.; Hamosh, P. 1981: Fat digestion in very low-birth-weight infants: effect of addition of human milk to low-birth-weight formula Pediatrics 68(4): 484-489
De Halleux, V.; Rigo, J. 2013: Variability in human milk composition: benefit of individualized fortification in very-low-birth-weight infants American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 98(2): 529s-535s
Polberger, S.K.T.; Raiha, N.C.R. 1994: Individualized fortification of human milk for very low birth weight infants Milk protein and energy analyses for improved nutritional management Pediatric Research 37(4 Part 2): 316A
Kumar, M.; Upadhyay, J.; Basu, S. 2021: Fortification of Human Milk with Infant Formula for very Low Birth Weight Preterm Infants: a Systematic Review Indian Pediatrics 58(3): 253-258
Hair, A.B.; Blanco, C.L.; Moreira, A.G.; Hawthorne, K.M.; Lee, M.L.; Rechtman, D.J.; Abrams, S.A. 2014: Randomized trial of human milk cream as a supplement to standard fortification of an exclusive human milk-based diet in infants 750-1250 g birth weight Journal of Pediatrics 165(5): 915-920