T ₁-Weight Magnetic Resonance Imaging Performances of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Modified with a Natural Protein Macromolecule and an Artificial Macromolecule

Tao, C.; Zheng, Q.; An, L.; He, M.; Lin, J.; Tian, Q.; Yang, S.

To optimize the iron oxide nanoparticles as T₁-weight contrast for in vivo magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), numbers of macromolecule ligands have been explored with considerable effort. However, reports refer to the comparison of the T₁-weight contrast performances of iron oxide nanoparticles modified with natural and artificial macromolecule ligands are still limited. In this work, we used a typical natural protein macromolecule (bovine serum albumin, BSA) and an artificial macromolecule (poly(acrylic acid)-poly(methacrylic acid), PMAA-PTTM) as surface ligands to fabricate Fe₃O₄-BSA and Fe₃O₄-PMAA-PTTM nanoparticles with similar size and magnetization by the coprecipitation method and compared their MRI performances. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that Fe₃O₄-BSA with lower cytotoxicity exhibited higher r₂/r₁ ratio in solution and darkening contrast enhancement for liver and kidney sites of mice under T₁-weight imaging, while Fe₃O₄-PMAA-PTTM displayed much lower r₂/r₁ ratio in solution and brighter contrast enhancement for liver and kidney sites. These remarkably different MRI behaviors demonstrated that the surface ligands play an important role for optimizing the MRI performance of Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles. We expect these results may facilitate the design of macromolecule ligands for developing an iron oxide⁻based T₁-weight contrast agent.