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Vitamin D 3 content of cows' milk produced in Northern Ireland and its efficacy as a vehicle for vitamin D fortification: a UK model

Weir, R.R.; Johnston, M.; Lowis, C.; Fearon, A.M.; Stewart, S.; Strain, J.J.; Pourshahidi, L.Kirsty.

International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition 2020: 1-9

2020

ISSN/ISBN: 0963-7486
PMID: 33100087
DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1837743
Accession: 072869707
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Cows' milk is a relatively poor source of vitamin D but figures listed in UK food composition tables may be outdated. Samples of milk were collected for 1-year and vitamin D3 concentrations analysed using HPLC. Milk consumption data were obtained from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (Years 1-4). A theoretical model applied vitamin D3 fortifications of 1 μg, 1.5 μg and 2 μg/100g to simulate improvements in vitamin D intakes. Mean ± SD vitamin D3 in whole milk was 0.06 ± 0.02 μg/100g. No seasonal differences were apparent. Fortification of cows' milks with 1 μg, 1.5 μg and 2.0 μg/100g, theoretically increased median vitamin D intakes from 2.0 μg/day to 4.2 μg, 5.1 μg and 5.9 μg/day, respectively. Higher vitamin D3 in milk from this study than that currently in food composition tables, suggests further analysis is warranted. This model suggests vitamin D fortification of cows' milk is an effective strategy to help more of the population achieve recently revised RNIs for vitamin D.

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