In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of three-dimensionally printed resin crowns for primary molars

Ye, J.R.; Kwack, K.H.; An, H.-J.; Choi, J.-W.; Chae, Y.K.; Kim, M.S.; Lee, H.; Lee, H.-S.; Choi, S.C.; Nam, O.H.; Ye, J.R; Kwack, K.H; An, H.-J; Choi, J.-W; Chae, Y.K; Kim, M.S; Lee, H; Lee, H.-S; Choi, S.C; Nam, O.H

doi:10.1007/s10266-025-01307-x

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In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of three-dimensionally printed resin crowns for primary molars

Ye, J.R.; Kwack, K.H.; An, H.-J.; Choi, J.-W.; Chae, Y.K.; Kim, M.S.; Lee, H.; Lee, H.-S.; Choi, S.C.; Nam, O.H.

Odontology 2026

2026

ISSN/ISBN: 1618-1255

PMID: 41505079

DOI: 10.1007/s10266-025-01307-x
Accession: 102268614

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Summary

This study aimed to assess the in vitro biocompatibility of two types of three-dimensionally (3D)-printed resin crowns (RCs) for primary molars. Three types of crowns were tested: (i) stainless steel crowns (SSCs), (ii) prefabricated zirconia crowns (PZCs), and (iii) 3D-printed RCs, which included two types: DIOnavi-P. MAX (RC1), and NextDent C&B Micro Filled Hybrid (RC2). Human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells were exposed to extracts obtained from the crowns. Cell viability, proliferation, and migration were evaluated using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay, flow cytometry, and a scratch wound healing assay. Oxidative stress levels were analyzed using a reactive oxygen species (ROS) assay. Expression of inflammatory biomarkers was assessed using a nitric oxide assay and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and further confirmed by Western blotting. RC groups had a limited effect on HGF cell viability, proliferation, and migration. ROS levels were significantly lower in the RC groups than in the lipopolysaccharide group (p < 0.05). No significant upregulation of inflammatory biomarkers was observed in the RC groups compared to the other crown groups (p > 0.05). Within the limits of this study, 3D-printed RCs showed biocompatibility. These findings highlight the possibility of the clinical application of 3D-printed RCs for primary molars. Our results support that 3D-printed RCs for primary molars can offer an esthetic option with biocompatibility in gingival tissues, causing minimal inflammation.

In vitro biocompatibility evaluation of three-dimensionally printed resin crowns for primary molars

Ye, J.R.; Kwack, K.H.; An, H.-J.; Choi, J.-W.; Chae, Y.K.; Kim, M.S.; Lee, H.; Lee, H.-S.; Choi, S.C.; Nam, O.H.

Odontology 2026

2026

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